Pharmacology - Drugs That Affect The Autonomic Nervous System

Front 1

The sympathetic nervous system is the ____ system and its primary NT's are ___, ___, ___.

Back 1

adrenergic; norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

Front 2

The parasympathetic system is the ___ system and its primary NT's is ___.

Back 2

cholinergic; acetylcholine

Front 3

sympathomimetics

Back 3

adrenergic agonists

Front 4

sympatholytics

Back 4

adrengergic antagonists

Front 5

parasympathomimetics/acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Back 5

cholinergic agonists

Front 6

parasympatholytics

Back 6

cholingeric antagonists

Front 7

When alpha 1 receptors are stimulated, what is released?

Back 7

norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or dopamine

Front 8

alpha 1 action?

Back 8

The force of the cardiac contraction is released. The arterioles vasoconstrict which increases blood pressure. Venules vasoconstrict which increase blood return to the heart. The pupils dilate to facilitate vision. Salivation decreases and dry mouth occurs. Mechanisms to prevent urine loss occurs.

Front 9

Stimulation of alpha 2 receptors?

Back 9

Release of norepinephrine and/or epinephrine is inhibited

Front 10

Alpha 2 action?

Back 10

Blood pressure is decreased. Mechanism of homeostasis or avoid excess stimulation by norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Front 11

Stimulation of beta 1 receptors?

Back 11

norepinephrine, epinephrine, and/or dopamine is released

Front 12

beta 1 action?

Back 12

Force of cardiac contraction and heart rate are increased. Increased release of renin from the kidneys which increases the angiotensin levels in the blood and raises the blood pressure. Intra-ocular pressure is increased.

Front 13

Stimulation of beta 2 receptors?

Back 13

Epinephrine is released.

Front 14

Beta 2 action?

Back 14

Bronchioles are dilated and gastrointestinal and uterine relaxation occurs. Blood sugar rises due to glycogenolysis in the liver.

Front 15

Dopaminergic receptor action? (Stimulated by dopamine only)

Back 15

Coronary, renal, and visceral arterial vessels are dilated to supply oxygenated blood to these organs. The peripheral arterial vessels are vasoconstricted to shunt more blood to the major organs

Front 16

Endogenous substances norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine

Back 16

Catecholamines

Front 17

Examples of synethetic cathecholamines

Back 17

Adrenaline, Levophed, Intropin, and Dobutrex

Front 18

Non-catecholamines

Back 18

Proventil, Brethine, Neo-Synephrine, and pseudophedrine

Front 19

Nursing considerations for adrenergic agonists

Back 19

Assess for tachycardia and hypertension with alpha1 and beta1 receptor sites. Use cautiously in patients with coronary artery disease or hypertensive disease. IV dopamine, norepinephrine, and phenylphrine should be infused through a central venous line.

Front 20

Alpha 1 adrenergic blockers action? (adrenergic antagonists)

Back 20

Vasodilate arteries Used for hypertension and peripheral vascular diesease and behign prostatic hypertrophy. Relaxes smooth mucsles of the urethra which improves urine flow. Dereases the force of the cardiac contraction which can predispose some patients to CHF. Tachycardia can occus if the blood pressure is decreased too much or too rapidly.

Front 21

Beta adrenergic blocker action?
(Adrenergic antagonists)

Back 21

Slow the heart rate, decrease blood pressure through vasodilation and decreased release of renin from the kidneys. Force of cardiac contraction is decreased. Used to treat tachycardia, hypertension and coronary artery disease.

Front 22

Nursing considerations for sympatholytics?

Back 22

Monitor blood pressure for hypotension. Monitor for tachycardia with alpha1 adrenergic blockers. Signs of decreased cardiac output such as SOB and activity intolerance with alpha1 and beta1 adrenergic blockers. Assess for bradycardia with beta1 adrenergic blockers. Assess for bronchoconstriciton with beta2 adrenergic blockers. Selective beta1 blockers when given in high doses can affect beta2 receptor sites.

Front 23

Parasympathomimetics/Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Back 23

Cholingeric agonists

Front 24

2 types of cholingeric receptors

Back 24

Muscarinic receptors that affect smooth muscles and nicotinic receptors that affect skeletal muscles

Front 25

Cholingeric system action?

Back 25

Heart rate decreases, BP decreases, bronchoconstriction occurs, bronchial secretion increases, salivation increases, bladder tone increases, urinary sphincter relaxes, sweating increaes, gastric acid secretions increase, and intra-ocular pressure decreases

Front 26

Nursing considerations for cholingeric agonists?

Back 26

Abdominal cramping, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions can occur. "Cholingeric crisis: extreme muscle weakness and respiratory distress. Any medication to maintain muscle strength in myasthenia gravis should be given exactly on time

Front 27

Cholinergic antagonists action?

Back 27

Competes for space on the acetylcholine receptors. HR increases, bronchodiation occurs, bronchial secretions decrease, salivation is decreased, GI motility and gastic acid secretion are decreased, bladder tone is decreased and urinary sphincter tone is increased. Intra-ocular pressure is increased

Front 28

Nursing considerations for cholingeric antagonists?

Back 28

Dry mouth, dehydration, constipation, urinary retention, and blurry vision can occur. Intra-ocular pressure can increase, use very cautiously in clients with glaucoma.