Pharmacology (Drugs)

Front 1

cefadroxil (class)

Back 1

cephalosporin

Front 2

cefdinir (class)

Back 2

cephalosporin

Front 3

cefepime (class)

Back 3

cephalosporin

Front 4

cefotaxime (class)

Back 4

cephalosporin

Front 5

cefoxitin (class)

Back 5

cephalosporin

Front 6

cefuroxime axetil, cefuroxime sodium (class)

Back 6

cephalosporin

Front 7

cephalexin (class)

Back 7

cephalosporin

Front 8

doxycycline (class)

Back 8

tetracycline

Front 9

minocycline (class)

Back 9

tetracycline

Front 10

ciprofloxacin (class)

Back 10

fluoroquinolones

Front 11

levofloxacin (class)

Back 11

fluoroquinolones

Front 12

amikacin (class)

Back 12

aminoglycosides

Front 13

gentamicin (class)

Back 13

aminoglycosides

Front 14

neomycin (class)

Back 14

aminoglycosides

Front 15

tobramycin (class)

Back 15

aminoglycosides

Front 16

azithromycin (class)

Back 16

macrolides

Front 17

clarithromycin (class)

Back 17

macrolides

Front 18

erythromycin (class)

Back 18

macrolides

Front 19

co-trimoxazole (class)

Back 19

sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics

Front 20

nitrofurantoin (class)

Back 20

sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics

Front 21

sulfasalazine (class)

Back 21

sulfonamides and urinary antiseptics

Front 22

amphotericin (class)

Back 22

antifungals

Front 23

fluconazole (class)

Back 23

antifungals

Front 24

itraconazole (class)

Back 24

antifungals

Front 25

ketoconazole (class)

Back 25

antifungals

Front 26

miconazole (class)

Back 26

antifungals

Front 27

nystatin (class)

Back 27

antifungals

Front 28

acyclovir (class)

Back 28

antivirals

Front 29

amantadine (class)

Back 29

antivirals

Front 30

valacyclovir (class)

Back 30

antivirals

Front 31

zidovudine (class)

Back 31

antivirals

Front 32

chloramphenicol (class)

Back 32

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (Very broad spectrum)

Front 33

chloroquine (class)

Back 33

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (antimalarial;amemicide;antirheumatoid)

Front 34

clindamycin (class)

Back 34

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (available in topical,oral,injectable--effective against gram positive infections)

Front 35

isoniazid (class)

Back 35

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of tuberculosis)

Front 36

mebendazole (class)

Back 36

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of roundworm,pinworm,whipworm)

Front 37

metronidazole (class)

Back 37

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of anaerobes;treatment of trichomoniasis)

Front 38

polymyxin b sulfate (class)

Back 38

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (acute eye infections when less toxic drugs are ineffective)

Front 39

quinine sulfate (class)

Back 39

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (antimalarial)

Front 40

rifampin (class)

Back 40

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (treatment of tuberculosis)

Front 41

vancomycin (class)

Back 41

other antibiotics and anti-infectives (used for resistant staph infections in penecillin-allergic patients)

Front 42

medications that share common actions mat also share common adverse effects. this is called ?

Back 42

cross-sensitivity

Front 43

a person can be allergic to ___ medication at ___ time.

Back 43

any, any

Front 44

What should you do if you are in doubt about the safe dose of ANY medication?

Back 44

consult a drug-reference book

Front 45

class of medication used to treat an infection.

Back 45

anti-infective

Front 46

a medication used specifically to treat bacterial infections.

Back 46

antibiotic (type of anti-infective)

Front 47

antibiotic effective against many organisms.

Back 47

broad spectrum

Front 48

antibiotic effective against only a few microorganisms.

Back 48

narrow-spectrum or specific

Front 49

antibiotics that retard the growth of bacteria.

Back 49

bacteriostatic agents

Front 50

antibiotics that kill bacteria

Back 50

bacteriocidal agents

Front 51

factors to consider for effective antibiotics.

Back 51

1) soluble in water
2) diffuse readily into body tissue
3) no adverse or allegic reaction
4) not affect normal flora
5) orals absorpable by GI tract
6) not antagonistic to other antibiotics

Front 52

MRSA (definition for?)

Back 52

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

Front 53

test to determine the specific microorganism causing an infection.

Back 53

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Front 54

PCN (abbreviation for?)

Back 54

penicillins

Front 55

penicillins kill bacteria, so they are ____________ agents.

Back 55

bacteriocidal

Front 56

names for identification of bacteria ____ - positive and negative

Back 56

gram-positive and gram-negative

Front 57

PCN is narrow or broad spectum?

Back 57

narrow-spectrum

Front 58

severe unexpected reaction

Back 58

anaphylactic reaction

Front 59

penicillins share cross-sensitivity with other penicillins and also with some ______________.

Back 59

cephalosporins

Front 60

treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

Back 60

1) administer oxygen
2) epinephrine 1:1000
3) IV aminophylline or theophylline
4) steroidal anti-inflammatory after stabilized

Front 61

treatment for a mild allergic reaction to medication.

Back 61

usually an antihistamine

Front 62

____________, like PCN originally derived from molds and structurally similar to PCN.

Back 62

cephalosporins

Front 63

cephalosporins are divided into 3 groups, which are...

Back 63

1st, 2nd, & 3rd generations. by range of specificity. with 3rd generation being more broad spectrum.

Front 64

____________ or TCN are broad spectrum antibiotics.

Back 64

tetracyclines

Front 65

tetracyclines (TCN) become _____ after expiration.

Back 65

toxic

Front 66

tetracyclines (TCN) should be taken on an _____ stomach because some foods (especially milk) inhibit absorption

Back 66

empty

Front 67

tetracycline (TCN) side effects usually involve the ________, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

Back 67

GI tract

Front 68

tetracyclines (TCN) may cause ____________, or sensitivity to light.

Back 68

photosensitivity

Front 69

tetracyclines are pregnancy category ?

Back 69

D

Front 70

tetracyclines (TCN) can cause brownish discoloration of the enamel in developing teeth, so they are contraindicated for ____________ and ________ who do not yet have permanent teeth.

Back 70

pregnant women and children

Front 71

why should you take all of your antibiotics, even though symptoms subside?

Back 71

because failure to do so could result in the development of a resistant strain.

Front 72

cephalosporins are pregnancy category ?

Back 72

B

Front 73

penicillins (PCN) are pregnancy category ?

Back 73

B

Front 74

which is more difficult to get rid of... gram positive or gram negative?

Back 74

gram negative

Front 75

aminoglycosides are potent ___________ antibiotics. meaning they will kill bacteria.

Back 75

bacteriocidal

Front 76

aminoglycosides are effective against many ___________ organisms, which are the hardest to kill.

Back 76

gram-negative

Front 77

aminoglycosides are especially effective against organisms infecting the ________ tract, __________, and __________. (sepsis or infection throughout the body)

Back 77

urinary tract infections, meningitis, septicemias

Front 78

considered the medication of choice for hospital acquired (nosocomial) gram-negative infections.

Back 78

aminoglycosides

Front 79

aminoglycosides are pregnancy category ?

Back 79

C

Front 80

aminoglycosides can have toxic side effects, specifically ____________ and ____________.

Back 80

ototoxicity (damages the eight cranial nerve) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)

Front 81

macrolides are _______-spectrum, ___________ agents. meaning they inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

Back 81

narrow-spectrum, bacteriostatic

Front 82

macrolides are pregnancy category ?

Back 82

B

Front 83

aminoglycosides are especially effective against organisms infecting the ________ tract, __________, and __________. (sepsis or infection throughout the body)

Back 83

urinary tract infections, meningitis, septicemias

Front 84

considered the medication of choice for hospital acquired (nosocomial) gram-negative infections.

Back 84

aminoglycosides

Front 85

aminoglycosides are pregnancy category ?

Back 85

C

Front 86

aminoglycosides can have toxic side effects, specifically ____________ and ____________.

Back 86

ototoxicity (damages the eight cranial nerve) and nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)

Front 87

macrolides are _______-spectrum, ___________ agents. meaning they inhibit the growth of some bacteria.

Back 87

narrow-spectrum, bacteriostatic

Front 88

macrolides are pregnancy category ?

Back 88

B

Front 89

Sulfonamides are commonly called...

Back 89

sulfa drugs

Front 90

sulfonamides are commonly used as ___________ agents. are they bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?

Back 90

antimicrobial, bacteriostatic

Front 91

sulfonamides tend to form crystals in the _____. one should therefore drink lots of fluids with them to prevent ______ ______.

Back 91

urine, kidney stones

Front 92

sulfonamides are pregnancy category _? during pregnancy, and category _? at term.

Back 92

C,D

Front 93

one of the serious side effects of clindamycin is diarrhea with shreds of _________ ______.

Back 93

intestinal lining

Front 94

agents that act only on local tissues with which they come into contact are called?

Back 94

topical agents

Front 95

topical agents designed to be absorped through the skin for systemic effect are called?

Back 95

transdermal agents

Front 96

selected dermtologic agents

Back 96

1) soothing agents (emollients)
2) anesthetics (benzocaine,lidocaine)
3) antiseptics
4) antifungals
5) corticosteriods (anti-inflammatory)
6) pediculicides (kill lice)

Front 97

medications that speed up certain mental and physical processes are called?

Back 97

stimulants

Front 98

medications that slow down certain mental and physical processes are called?

Back 98

depressants

Front 99

medications that relieve pain are called?

Back 99

analgesics

Front 100

analgesics are divided into two groups which are?

Back 100

narcotics and non-narcotics

Front 101

well known narcotic analgesic.

Back 101

morphine

Front 102

well known non-narcotic analgesic.

Back 102

asprin (acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)) and/or tylenol (acetaminophen (APAP))

Front 103

opiates

Back 103

opium derivatives or opium-like actions

Front 104

agonist

Back 104

helps along protagonist

Front 105

opium and opium-derivatives are _______ addictive.

Back 105

highly

Front 106

opiates are depressants or stimulants?

Back 106

depressants

Front 107

the first sign of narcotic overdose.

Back 107

respiratory depression (less than 12 respirations per minute)

Front 108

common side effects of morphine

Back 108

nausea and vomiting

Front 109

anti-nausea drugs are called?

Back 109

antiemetics

Front 110

morphine is sometimes used to treat severe diarrhea because it slows ___________.

Back 110

peristalsis

Front 111

counteracts the actions of morphine.

Back 111

narcotic antagonist such as naxolone (Narcan)

Front 112

milder derivative of morphine

Back 112

codeine

Front 113

codeine depresses the _____ reflex.

Back 113

cough

Front 114

prpared from morphine with about 5X its analgesic effect.

Back 114

hydromorphone hydrochloride (dilaudid)

Front 115

effective pi\ain reliever with fewer side effects than morphine and dilaudid.

Back 115

meperidine hydrochloride (demerol)

Front 116

effective for treatment of moderate pain. often combined with asprin(percodan) and tylenol (percocet)

Back 116

oxycodone

Front 117

CR (abbreviation for?)

Back 117

controlled release

Front 118

DR (abbreviation for?)

Back 118

delayed release

Front 119

ER (abbreviation for?)

Back 119

extended release

Front 120

IR (abbreviation for?)

Back 120

immediate release

Front 121

SR (abbreviation for?)

Back 121

sustained release

Front 122

codeine (class)

Back 122

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 123

fentantyl (class)

Back 123

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 124

hydromorphone (class)

Back 124

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 125

levorphanol (class)

Back 125

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 126

meperidine (class)

Back 126

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 127

methadone (class)

Back 127

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 128

oxycodone (class)

Back 128

narcotic agonist analgesic

Front 129

naxolone (class)

Back 129

narcotic antagonist

Front 130

acetominophen (class)

Back 130

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 131

acetylsalicylic (class)

Back 131

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 132

celecoxib (class)

Back 132

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 133

diclofenac (class)

Back 133

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 134

ibuprofen (class)

Back 134

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 135

indomethacin (class)

Back 135

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 136

naproxen (calss)

Back 136

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID's) and antirheumatics (given for pain)

Front 137

amobarbital (class)

Back 137

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)

Front 138

pentobarbital (class)

Back 138

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)

Front 139

phenobarbital (class)

Back 139

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)

Front 140

secobarbital (class)

Back 140

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (barbituates)

Front 141

alprazolam (class)

Back 141

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)

Front 142

diazepam (class)

Back 142

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)

Front 143

flurazepam (class)

Back 143

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)

Front 144

lorazepam (class)

Back 144

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)

Front 145

temazepam (class)

Back 145

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (benzodiazepines)

Front 146

carbamazepine (class)

Back 146

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)

Front 147

clonazepam (class)

Back 147

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)

Front 148

magnesium sulfate (class)

Back 148

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)

Front 149

phenytoin (class)

Back 149

hypnotic,sedative,antianxiety (anticonvulsants and antiepileptic agents)

Front 150

medications that reduce both pain and fever are called?

Back 150

antipyretic analgesics

Front 151

asprin (acetylsalicylic acid) is believed to contribute to the development of _____ syndrome in children.

Back 151

Reye's

Front 152

most NSAID's cause ______ upset and should be taken with food.

Back 152

gastric

Front 153

NSAID's (abbreviation stands for?)

Back 153

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Front 154

medications that produce sleep.

Back 154

hypnotic

Front 155

medications that have a calming or quieting effect.

Back 155

sedatives

Front 156

immediate discontinuation of barbituate therapy for patients that have been taking them for extended periods can result in ?

Back 156

death

Front 157

an adrenergic medication is __________ or a substance that acts like it.

Back 157

epinephrine

Front 158

medications that mimic the actions of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.

Back 158

adrenergics

Front 159

adrenergics are classified as ?

Back 159

catecholamines or non-catecholamines

Front 160

neurotransmitters that play an important part in the body's response to stress.

Back 160

catecholamines

Front 161

adrenergics are also referred to as ________________, meaning they mimic the sympathetic nervous system.

Back 161

sympathomimetics

Front 162

dopamine is not a catecholamine but rather a _______________ _____ because it add to the effect of the sypathetic nervous system.

Back 162

adrenergic agonist

Front 163

group that includes the adrenocortical hormones

Back 163

steroids

Front 164

most common steroid and powerful anti-inflammatory agent.

Back 164

cortisone

Front 165

side effects of long term steroid therapy.

Back 165

1) increased appetite and weight gain
2) tendency to bruise easily
3) hirsutism (face & body hair)
4) moon face (puffy,round)
5) buffalo hump
6) osteoporosis

Front 166

medications that are marked for _________ use are the only medications that may be used in the eye.

Back 166

ophthalmic

Front 167

ophthalmic medications used to dilate the pupils.

Back 167

mydriatics

Front 168

ophthalmic medications used to constrict the pupils.

Back 168

miotics

Front 169

heart stimulants are called ?

Back 169

cardiotonics

Front 170

medications that strengthen the force of ventricular contractions to increase cardiac output.

Back 170

cardiotonics

Front 171

a dosage of a carditonic administered to achive a heart rate of 60-80 BPM

Back 171

digitalizing dose or initial dose

Front 172

a dosage of a carditonic administered to maintain a heart rate of 60-80 BPM

Back 172

maintenance dose

Front 173

medications used to control superficial hemorrhage.

Back 173

vasoconstrictors

Front 174

medications used to treat peripheral blood vessel disease, coronary artery disease, and hypertension.

Back 174

vasodilators

Front 175

treatment of choice for acute angina pectoris and potent vasodilator.

Back 175

nitroglycerin (NTG)

Front 176

protect nitroglycerin from exposure to _____, which means it is ______________.

Back 176

light, photosensitive

Front 177

medications used to reduce blood pressure on an ongoing basis are called ?

Back 177

antihypertensives

Front 178

medications that increase the amount of urine secreted by the kidneys are called ?

Back 178

diuretics

Front 179

many diuretics cause excessive excretion of the mineral _________, a potentially harmful side effect.

Back 179

potassium (K+)

Front 180

medications that decrease blood pressure by stimulating the beta receptors are called ?

Back 180

beta blockers

Front 181

medications that decrease hypertension by blocking angiotensin activation are called ?

Back 181

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Front 182

angiotensin is a powerful vaso___________?

Back 182

constrictor

Front 183

medications that reduce hypertension by blocking the angiotensin receptors are called ?

Back 183

angiotensin II receptor blockers or ARB's

Front 184

glycoprotein that stimulates red blood cell (RBC) production. indicated for chemotherapy and renal failure patients.

Back 184

erythropoetin

Front 185

medication that prevents blood clotting by preventing attachment to vessel walls

Back 185

heparin

Front 186

heparin is reversed by ?

Back 186

protamine sulfate

Front 187

medication used to reduce coagulation by inhibiting the synthesis of prothrombin

Back 187

coumadin

Front 188

coumadin is reversed by

Back 188

vitamin K

Front 189

medications that relax the smooth muscles of the tracheobronchial tree are called ?

Back 189

bronchodilators

Front 190

naloxone hydrochloride is indicated as a __________ stimulant and a antidote for opiate overdose.

Back 190

respiratory

Front 191

medications which relieve cough.

Back 191

antitussives

Front 192

medications that liquify secretions in the bronchi to facillitate expulsion by coughing.

Back 192

expectorant

Front 193

medications used to relieve allergic reactions by blocking the actions of histamines in the body.

Back 193

antihistamine

Front 194

medications that reduce swelling of nasal membranes to open nasal passages are called ?

Back 194

decongestants

Front 195

medications used to induce vomiting are called ?

Back 195

emetics

Front 196

medications used to stop vomiting or reduce nausea are called ?

Back 196

antiemetics

Front 197

medications used to relieve constipation are called ?

Back 197

laxatives

Front 198

urinary antiseptic known for its prompt analgesic effect, though it turns urine a reddish orange color.

Back 198

phenazopyridine (pyridium)