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200 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cyclophosphamide
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Alkylating agent; attacks guanine N7-dysfunctional DNA; Non-Hodgkin, ovarian, breast cancer,neuroblastoma
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Cisplatin
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Alkylating agent-cross-links DNA strands; Testicular, ovarian, bladder,lung cancer
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Procarbazine
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Alkylating agent; Hodgkin
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Doxorubicin
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Intercalator, forms free radicals, inhibits topoisomerase; Hodgkin, breast, endometrial, lung, and ovanan cancers
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Methotrexate
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(CCS) Antimetabolite-inhibits DHF reductase (S phase); Leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer; rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis
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5-Fluorouracil
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(CCS) Pyrimidine antimetabolite (S phase) bioactivated to inhibit thymidylate synthetase; Breast, ovarian, head, and neck cancer-topical for basal cell cancer and keratoses
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6-Mercaptopurine
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(CCS) Purine antimetabolite (S phase) bioactivated by HGPR transferase; Acute lymphocytic leukemia, immunosuppression
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Bleomycin
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(CCS) Complexes with Fe and O2 - DNA strand scission (G2 phase); Hodgkin, testicular, head, neck, skin cancer
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Vincristine
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(CCS) ↓ Microtubular polymerization-spindle poisons (M phase); Hodgkin, testicular cancer, Kaposi
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Vinblastine
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(CCS) ↓ Microtubular polymerization-spindle poisons (M phase); Hodgkin, leukemias, Wilms
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cyclosporine
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Binds to cyclophilin - ↓ calcineurin (cytoplasmic phosphatase) - ↓ activation of T-cell transcription factors - ↓ IL-2, IL-3, and interferon-γ; DOC organ or tissue transplantation; SE: peripheral neuropathy, nephrotoxicity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, gingival overgrowth, cholelithiasis
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Tacrolimus
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does not bind to cyclophilin; used alternatively to cyclosporine in renal and liver transplants
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Mycophenolate
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an inhibitor of de novo synthesis of purines, has adjunctive immunosuppressant actions, permitting dose reductions of cyclosporine to limit toxicity.
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azathioprine
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Immunosuppressant converted to 6-mercaptopurine-same properties as 6-MP.
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anti-D immunoglobin
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Human IgG antibodies to red cell D antigen (rhesus antigen); Administer to Rh-negative mother within 72 hours of Rh-positive delivery to prevent hemolytic disease of newborn in subsequent pregnancy
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Abciximab
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Antiplatelet-antagonist of lIb/lIla receptors
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Infliximab
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Rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn disease-binds TNF
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Trastuzumab
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Breast cancer-antagonist to ERB-B2
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Dacliximab
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Kidney transplants-blocks lL-2 receptors
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Muromonab
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Kidney transplant-blocks allograft rejection
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PaliviZumab
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Respiratory syncytial virus-blocks RSV protein
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Rituximab
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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma-binds to surface protein
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Aldesleukin (IL-2)
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↑ Lymphocyte differentiation and ↑ NKs-use in renal cell cancer and metastatic melanoma
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Interleukin-11
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↑Platelet formation-used in thrombocytopenia
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Filgrastim (G-CSF)
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↑Granulocytes-used for marrow recovery
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Sargramostim (GM -CSF)
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↑Granulocytes and macrophages-used for marrow recovery
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Erythropoietin
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Anemias, especially associated with renal failure
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Thrombopoietin
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Thrombocytopenia
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Interferon-α
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Hepatitis B and C, leukemias, melanoma
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Interferon-β
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Multiple sclerosis
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Interferon-γ
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Chronic granulomatous disease - ↑ TNF
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Arsenic (heavy metal poisoning)
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antidotes: Activated charcoal, dimercaprol, Penicillamine, succiIller
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Iron
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Gastric aspiration + carbonate lavage; deferoxamine IV
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Lead
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gastric lavage + dimercaprol (severe) or EDTA or succimer (penicillamine if unable to use !iimercaprolorsuccimer); Children: succimer PO
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Mercury
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Succimer PO or dimercaprol (IM); Activated charcoal for oral ingestion, then support with succimer PO or dimercaprol (not IV) - causes redistribution of Hg to the CNS - ↑neurotoxicity
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alendronate
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bisphosphonates; DOC for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis; ↑ bone mineral density (BMD); SE:Gastrointestinal distress. including esophageal ulcers
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-dronate
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bisphosphonates
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teriparatide
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recombinant DNA PTH analog; once daily to stimulate osteoblasts and new bone formation; test osteoblasts function
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glargine
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Insulin analog with no onset or peak; Ultralong duration of action
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chlorproparnide
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Sulfonylureas; 1st generation; long-acting, SIADH/disulfiram reactions
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tolbutamide
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Sulfonylureas; 1st generation; appropriate in renal dysfunction
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acetohexamide
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Sulfonylureas; 1st generation; active metabolite, ↓ dose in renal dysfunction
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glipizide
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Sulfonylureas; 2nd generation; ↓dose in hepatic dysfunction
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glyburide
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Sulfonylureas; 2nd generation; active metabolite, ↓ dose in renal dysfunction
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Metformin
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"Euglycemic;' ↓ postprandial glucose levels, but does not cause hypoglycemia or weight gain
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Acarbose
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No hypoglycemia; inhibits α-glucosidase in brush borders of small intestine
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pioglitazone
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Thiazolidinediones; bind to nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors (PPARs) involved in transcription of insulin-responsive genes
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rosiglitazone
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Thiazolidinediones; bind to nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors (PPARs) involved in transcription of insulin-responsive genes
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xenatide
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GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 (GLP-l) ANALOG
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Cortisol
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Adrenosteroids
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Triamcinolone
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Adrenosteroids
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Fludrocortisone
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Adrenosteroids
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Prednisone
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Adrenosteroids
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Dexamethasone
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Adrenosteroids
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Spironolactone
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Blocks aldosterone and androgen receptors
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Mifepristone
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Blocks glucocorticoid and progestin receptors
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Ethinyl estradiol
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Estrogens; steroidal
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Mestranol
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Estrogens; steroidal
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Diethylstilbestrol
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Estrogens; nonsteroidal
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Anastrozole
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aromatase inhibitor -↓estrogen synthesis; estrogen-dependent, postmenopausal breast cancer
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Clomiphene
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fertility pill;
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Tamoxifen
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Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERM); E-receptor agonist (bone), antagonist (breast), and partial agonist (endometrium); Used in estrogen-dependent breast cancer and for prophylaxis in high-risk patients
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Raloxifene
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Selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERM); E-receptor agonist (bone), antagonist breast and uterus; prophylaxis of postmenopausal osteoporosis
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Medroxyprogesterone
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progestins; depot contraception
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norgestrel
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progestins; Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens to ↓ endometrial cancer
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norethindrone
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progestins
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desogestrel
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progestins;synthetic progestin devoid of androgenic and antiestrogenic activities
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mifepristone
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progestins antagonist; abortifacient (use with prostaglandins [PGs]
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Methyltestosterone
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Androgens
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Oxandrolone
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Androgens
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Flutamide
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Androgens antagonist; used for androgen-receptor-positive prostate cancer
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Finasteride
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5-α-reductase inhibitor, preventing conversion of testosterone dihydrotestosterone (DHT); Uses: BPH, male pattern baldness; Caution: teratogenicity
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Propylthiouracil
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Antithyroid Drugs, thioamides; uncomplicated hyperthyroid conditions; slow in onset; High-dose inhibits 5' deiodinase
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Methimazole
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Antithyroid Drugs, thioamides; uncomplicated hyperthyroid conditions; slow in onset;
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KI and I (Lugol's)
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Antithyroid Drugs; possible use in thyrotoxicosis, used preoperatively
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Somatropin
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GH, Pituitary dwarfism, osteoporosis
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Octreotide
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Somatostatin; Acromegaly, carcinoid and secretory-GI tumors
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Leuprolide
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GnRH analog-repository form used for androgen-receptor-positive prostate cancer; Endometriosis,
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Oxytocin
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Oxytocin; Labor induction
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Desmopressin
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vasopressin; Neurogenic (pituitary) diabetes insipidus; Hemophilia A; von Willebrand disease; primary nocturnal enuresis
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Pergolide, bromocriptine
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PIH (DA); Hyperprolactinemia
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doxazosin
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Alpha-l blockers; BPH; SE: Hypotension and retrograde ejaculation
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don't use in pregnancy
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aminoglycosides, erythromycin estolate, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines
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Penicillin G
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narrow specturm; streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, treponema pallidum
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Penicillin V
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narrow specturm; streptococci, pneumococci, meningococci, treponema pallidum
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nafcillin
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very narrow specturm; streptococci (not MRSA); bile eliminate
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methicillin
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very narrow specturm;
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oxacillin
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very narrow specturm;
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ampicillin
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broad spectrum; calvulanic acid; gram-positive cocci, E. coli, H. influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes
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amoxicillin
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broad spectrum; sulbactam; Borrelia burgdorferi, H. pylori
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ticarcillin
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extended spectrum; gram-negative rods, including pseudomonas aeruginosa
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piperacillin
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extended spectrum; gram-negative rods, including pseudomonas aeruginosa
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azlocillin
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extended spectrum; gram-negative rods, including pseudomonas aeruginosa
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cefazolin
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cephalosporins; first generation;
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cephalexin
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cephalosporins; first generation;
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cephradine
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cephalosporins; first generation;
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cefotetan
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cephalosporins; 2nd generation;
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cefaclor
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cephalosporins; 2nd generation;
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cefuroxime
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cephalosporins; 2nd generation;
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ceftriaxone (IM)
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cephalosporins; 3rd generation;
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cefotaxime (parenteral)
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cephalosporins; 3rd generation;
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cefdinir
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cephalosporins; 3rd generation;
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cefixime (oral)
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cephalosporins; 3rd generation;
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cefepime (IV)
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cephalosporins; 4th generation;
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phenobarbital
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sedative-hypnotics; Barbiturates long-acting for seizure
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secobarbital
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sedative-hypnotics; Barbiturates
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thiopental
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sedative-hypnotics; Barbiturates short-acting, IV
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benzodiazepines
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sedative-hypnotics; induction of P450, increase heme synthesis, contraindicated in porphyrias
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alprazolam
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sedative-hypnotics; benzodiazepine; most common
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diazepam
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sedative-hypnotics; longest-acting BZ
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lorazepam
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sedative-hypnotics; IV BZ
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triazolam
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sedative-hypnotics; short-acting BZ early AM waking
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midazolam
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sedative-hypnotics; shortest-acting BZ
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buspirone
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sedative-hypnotics; none GABA 5HT1A, GAD, slow onset (1-2w), no dependent
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zolpidem
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sedative-hypnotics; BZ1 selective
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zaleplon
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sedative-hypnotics; fastest onset
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flumazenil
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sedative-hypnotics; BZ receptor Antagonist
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ethylene
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alcohol
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methanol
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alcohol
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ethanol
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alcohol
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fomepizole
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long-acting inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
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disulfram
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disulfram like drugs:metronidazole, cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotetan, chlorpropamide
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carbamazepine
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Anticonvulsants; Na+, DOC trigeminal neuralgia, backup in bipolar disorder, hematotoxicity, water retention, exfoliative dermatitis
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ethosuximide
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Anticonvulsants; blocks T-type Ca2+ channel in thalamic neurons, GI distress, lethargy
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valproic acid
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Anticonvulsants; T-type Ca2+ channel, GABA, Na+ channel blockade, inhibits P450; GI distress, hepatotoxicity, panreatitis, alopecia, tremor, photosensitivity, teratogenic- spina bifida
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phenytoin
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Anticonvulsants; blocks axonal Na+ channel in inactivated state, antiarrhythmia, backup in bipolar disorder; first pass, Plasma Protein P450; gingival overgrowth, hirsutism, osteomalacia, hemototoxicity, teratogenic- cleft palate
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gabapentin
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New anticonvulsants; increase GABA effects, bipolar disorder, neuropathic pain
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felbamate
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New anticonvulsants; blocks Na, Ca, glutamate R, partial seizures, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; aplastic anemia, acute liver failure
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lamotrigine
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New anticonvulsants; blocks Na, glutamate R; absence, partial seizures; diplopia, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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tiagabine
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New anticonvulsants; blocks GABA transporter; partial seizures;
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topiramate
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New anticonvulsants; blocks glutamate (AMPA) R increase GABA effects; partial seizures; weight loss, renal stone
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vigabatrin
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New anticonvulsants; inhibits GABA transaminase; partial seizures; psychosis, visual dysfunction
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fentanyl
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Anesthetics (IV); opioid analgesics; shorter duration; oral and patch formulations; chest wall rigidity with IV use; neurolept anesthesia: fentanyl+droperidol+nitrous oxide
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ketamine
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Anesthetics (IV); rapid onset and short duration;dissociative anesthesia with amnesia, catatonia, analgesia; CV stimulation!
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midazolam
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Anesthetics (IV); IV benzodiazepine; anterograge amnesia; adepresses respiratory function
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propofol
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Anesthetics (IV); very rapid onset and recovery, antiemetic effects; depresses respiratory function; depresses respiratory function
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thiopental
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Anesthetics (IV); high lipid-soluble, rapid-onset short acting barbiturate; depresses respiratory function; no ↑ cerebral blood flow, depresses respiratory and cardiac function; liver metabolism
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enflurane
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Anesthetics (inhaled); tonic/clonic muscle spasms
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desflurane
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Anesthetics (inhaled); most rapid onset, airway irritation, rapid recover
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halothane
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Anesthetics (inhaled); hepatitis, malignant hyperthermia, arrhythmias
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isoflurane
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Anesthetics (inhaled); bronchiolar secretions and spasms
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nitrous oxide
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Anesthetics (inhaled); lowest potency
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sevoflurane
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Anesthetics (inhaled); rapid onset and recovery
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lidocaine
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amides; Local anesthetics
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bupivacaine
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amides; Local anesthetics
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mepivacaine
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amides; Local anesthetics
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procaine
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esters; Local anesthetics
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cocaine
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esters;Local anesthetics
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D-tubocaurarine
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skeletal muscle relaxants; blocks ANS ganglia and release histamine ↓BP; malignant hyperthermia
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atracurium
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skeletal muscle relaxants; rapid recovery, safe in hepatic and renal dysfunction; spontaneous inactivation, forms laudanosine - CNS - seizures
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pancuronium
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skeletal muscle relaxants; rapid onset and recovery ↑BP;
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mivacurium
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skeletal muscle relaxants; very short duration; histamine release
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succinylcholine
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skeletal muscle relaxants; phase I block (depolarizing), phase II block (desensitizing); may cause hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia
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baclofen
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skeletal muscle relaxants; spasmolytics; GABAb R agonist in spinal cord
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dantrolene
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skeletal muscle relaxants; spasmolytics; for extreme muscle rigidity (malignant hyperthermia)
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morphine
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opioid analgesics, u agonist; full agonists
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meperidine
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opioid analgesics, u agonist; full agonists; M blocker (no miosis or SM contraction), forms normeperidine-seizures
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methadone
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opioid analgesics, u agonist; full agonists
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fentanyl
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opioid analgesics; full agonists
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heroin
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opioid analgesics; full agonists
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buprenorphine
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opioid analgesics; partial agonists; u agonist
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codeine
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opioid analgesics; partial agonists; u agonist-weak
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propoxyphene
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opioid analgesics; partial agonists; u agonist-very weak
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nalbuphine
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opioid analgesics; mixed agonist-antangonists; k agonist and weak u antagonist
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pentazocine
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opioid analgesics; mixed agonist-antangonists; k agonist and weak u antagonist
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naloxone
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opioid analgesics; antangonists; k anatagonist strong
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naltrexone
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opioid analgesics; antangonists
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chlorpromazine
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antipsychotics; phenothiazines; ocular dysfunction
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fluphenazine
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antipsychotics; phenothiazines;
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thioridazine
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antipsychotics; phenothiazines; retinal deposits, cardiotoxicity (quinidine-like)
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haloperidol
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antipsychotics; butyrophenone; long-acting depot forms available
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clozapine
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antipsychotics; butyrophenone; blocks D2c and 5HT2 R, no EP or TDs, agranulocytosis, wet pillow syndrome
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risperidone
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antipsychotics; butyrophenone; blocks 5HT2 R, improves negative symptoms, possible TDs,
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olanzapine
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antipsychotics; butyrophenone; blocks 5HT2 R, improves negative symptoms
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aripiprazole
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antipsychotics; butyrophenone; partial agonist of D2 R, blocks 5HT2 R
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levodopa
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists; converted to DA by AAAD; hypotension, 'on-off' effects, hallucination and pshycosis; tolcapone and entacapone, COMT inhibitors
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bromocriptine
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists;
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ropinirole
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists; non-ergots; abrupt sleep onset
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pramipexole
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists;
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pergolide
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists; DOC for hyperprolactinemia
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selegiline
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antiparkinsonian drugs, DA agonists; selective MAO type B inhibitor
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carbidopa
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antiparkinsonian drugs; AAAD inhibitor
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benztropine
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antiparkinsonian drugs; M-blockers
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trihexiphenidyl
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antiparkinsonian drugs; M-blockers
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amantadine
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antiparkinsonian drugs; M-blockers; antiviral, block muscarinic R and ↑ dopamine function; side effects: atropine-like and livedo reticularis
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phenelzine
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Antidepressants; MAOIs; hypertensive crisis with tyramine; serotonin syndrome; hyperthermia
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tranylcypromine
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Antidepressants; MAOIs; hypertensive crisis with tyramine; serotonin syndrome; hyperthermia
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amitripyeline
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Antidepressants; TCAs, blocks the reuptake of both NE and 5HT
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imipramine
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Antidepressants; TCAs, blocks the reuptake of both NE and 5HT
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clomipramine
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Antidepressants; TCAs, blocks the reuptake of both NE and 5HT
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fluoxetine
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Antidepressants; SSRIs
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paroxetine
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Antidepressants; SSRIs
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sertraline
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Antidepressants; SSRIs
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bupropion
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Antidepressants, others; block DA reuptake; smoke cessation
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mirtazapine
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Antidepressants, others; blocks presynaptic alpha2 R
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nefazodone
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Antidepressants, others; blocks both NE and 5HT reuptake, 5HT2 antangonist
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trazodone
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Antidepressants, others; blocks 5HT reuptake, 5HT2 antangonist; P450 inhibitor
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lithium
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bipolar affective disorder (BAD); slow onset (2w), narrow therapeutic window-eliminated by kidney, low Na enhances toxicity; inhibition of dephosphorylation of IP2 to IP1 and IP1 to IP, ↓ PIP2. may ↓cAMP
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valproic acid, carbamazepine
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bipolar affective disorder (BAD), backup drugs:
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clonazepam, gabapentin
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bipolar affective disorder (BAD), pregnancy
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