Pharmacology - Drug Names, Categories, Reactions, And Interactions

Front 1

The study of drugs and their action on living organisms?

Back 1

Pharmacology

Front 2

Define Chemical Name.

Back 2

The exact chemical make-up of the drug.

Front 3

Define Generic Name

Back 3

Name given to a drug before i becomes official. May be used by all manufacturers.

Front 4

Define Official Name

Back 4

Name listed in "The U.S. Pharmacopeia" May be the same as the Generic Name

Front 5

Define Trade Name

Back 5

Name that is registered by the manufacturer. (Brand)

Front 6

Drug that is designated by federal government to be potentially harmful, so their use must be monitored by a health care provider.

Back 6

Prescription Drug

Front 7

Drug designated to be safe when taken as directed.

Back 7

Non-Prescription Drug

OTC

Front 8

Most carefully monitored of drugs because of their high potential for abuse and dependency

Back 8

Controlled Substances

Front 9

The amount of time taken to excrete half of the medication.

Back 9

Half Life

Front 10

Pharmaceutic Phase

Back 10

dissolution of the drug.

Parenteral Form & Enteral Form

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Parenteral Form

Back 11

Injectable drugs, through SC, IV, IM, Which are absorbed quickly.

Front 12

Enteral Form

Back 12

Drugs taken by mouth which are more slowly absorbed.

Front 13

Activities within the body after the drug is administered. Includes: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.

Back 13

Pharmacokinetic Phase

Front 14

Process by which the drug is made available for use in the body.

Back 14

Absorption

Front 15

Factors that Influence the Rate of Absorption

Back 15

Route of Administration, Solubility of the Drug, Presence of certain body conditions.

Front 16

Metabolization of a drug by the liver before releasing it back into the body.

Back 16

First-Pass-Effect

Front 17

Circulation of the drug to various tissues of the body.

Back 17

Distribution

Front 18

Factors Influencing the Rate of Distribution

Back 18

1. Protein Binding
2. Blood Flow
3. Solubility

Front 19

Which passes through the cell membrane faster, lipid soluble drugs or water soluble drugs?

Back 19

Lipid Soluble

Front 20

The process by which the body changes a drug to a more or less active form that can be excreted.

Back 20

Metabolism

Front 21

What organs metabolize drugs?

Back 21

Liver, Kidneys, Lungs, Plasma and Intestinal mucosa.

Front 22

The elimination of drugs from the body.

Back 22

Excretion

Front 23

How are drugs excreted from the body?

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Kidneys, sweat, breastmilk, and GI tract.

Front 24

Time between administration of the drug and onset of its therapeutic effect

Back 24

Onset

Front 25

When absorption rate = elimination rate

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Peak

Front 26

Length of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect

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Duration

Front 27

The study of the drug mechanism that produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body. Has Primary and Secondary Effect

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Pharmacodynamic Phase

Front 28

Primary Effect during Pharmacodynamic Phase

Back 28

desired or therapeutic effect

Front 29

Second Effect during Pharmacodynamic Phase

Back 29

all other effects desirable or undesirable produced by the drug.

Front 30

Undesirable Effects of a drug. Can be mild, severe or life-threatening; can be predictable or unpredictable.

Back 30

Adverse Drug Reaction

Front 31

Usually mild, predicable and unavoidable.

Back 31

Side Effect

Front 32

Occur's when an individual's immune system view the drug as a foreign substance or antigen; can be mild, sever or life threatening.

Back 32

Allergic Reaction

Front 33

An Immediate reaction to a drug which can lead to bronchosparm, hypotension and death.

Back 33

Anaphylactic Shock

Front 34

Any abnormal or unusual reaction to a drug. Usually due to genetics

Back 34

Drug Idiosyncrasy

Front 35

a decreased response to a drugs, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

Back 35

Drug Tolerance

Front 36

In patients with kidney or liver disease, b/c excretion from the body is affected, causing drug accumulation in the body.

Back 36

Cumulative Drug Effect

Front 37

Harmful effects of drugs when given in high doses of when the drugs are not excreted so that extremely high levels of the drug accumulate in the body can be reversible or irreversible.

Back 37

Toxic Reaction

Front 38

a genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug

Back 38

Pharmacogenetic Reations

Front 39

In patients with kidney or liver disease, b/c excretion from the body is affected, causing drug accumulation in the body.

Back 39

Cumulative Drug Effect

Front 40

Harmful effects of drugs when given in high doses of when the drugs are not excreted so that extremely high levels of the drug accumulate in the body can be reversible or irreversible.

Back 40

Toxic Reaction

Front 41

a genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug

Back 41

Pharmacogenetic Reations

Front 42

When the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone. 1+1=2

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Additive Response

Front 43

When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the two drugs.

Back 43

Synergistic Response

Front 44

When one drug interferes with the action of another.

Back 44

Antagonistic Response

Front 45

Should the drug be given with food, on an empty stomach or not in the presence of certain foods.

Back 45

Drug-Food Interactions

Front 46

5 Factors Influencing Drug Response

Back 46

1. Age
2. Weight
3. Sex
4. Disease
5. Route of Administration

Front 47

Medication Order must be valid. Includes 6 elements

Back 47

1. Name
2. Medication Name
3. Dosage
4. Route
5. Time&Date
6. Prescribers Signature

Front 48

What must the nurse know when administering medication? 4 Major things

Back 48

1. Purpose of Drugs
2. Drug Actions
3. Major adverse Effects of the drug
4. Be able to teach the patient a/b the drug

Front 49

An error related to medication therapy and includes errors in prescribing, dispensing, administration or monitoring.

Back 49

Drug Errors

Front 50

What are the 7 types of orders.

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1. Prescription
2. STAT
3. Single or One Time
4. Standing Order
5. Renewal
6. PRN
7. Verbal or Phone

Front 51

Prescription Order

Back 51

In hospitals or nursing homes, handwritten or computer documented.

Front 52

STAT Order

Back 52

give immediately, emergency situation

Front 53

Single or One Time Order

Back 53

Only given once.

Front 54

Standing Order

Back 54

when patient is to be given medication on a regular bases

Front 55

PRN Order

Back 55

To be given as needed

Front 56

Verbal of Phone Order

Back 56

must be read back to the prescriber while being written down by the nurse. Prescriber must cosign within 24 hours.

Front 57

What are the three Dispensing Systems?

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1. Computerized Dispensing System
2. Unit Dose System
3. Floor Stock

Front 58

6 Rights of Medication Administration

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1. Right Patient
2. Right Drug
3. Right Dose
4. Right Route
5. Right Time
6. Right Documentation

Front 59

Nursing Process and Medication Administration

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1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation

Front 60

Assessment Guidelines

Back 60

1. Prepare to give meds before the due time.

2. check the mar for the med the patient is receiving

3. assess order. make sure complete.

4. Check the MAR for allergies

5. check the patients vital signs and pertinent lab work.

6. familiarize yourself with new meds.

7. allow time to do some critical thinking ab patient and med taking

8. focus, do not get distracted.

Front 61

Planning Guidelines

Back 61

1. With MAR in hand, withdraw one patients med one at a time, check for the first 5 rights.

2. before taking the med to the patients room, compare med with mar for each of the 5 rights.

3. take unopened medication and the MAR to patients room.

Front 62

Implementation Guidelines

Back 62

1. Wash hands
2. Check patients armbad using two identifiers
3. Check allergy band with MAR
4. tell patient that you brought the med the physician ordered for them.
5. As you open medication check again 5 rights
6. Don't let hands tough capsules
7. Make sure patient is in comfortable position
8. Listen to patient. Take time to explain.
9. Stay with patient until med is swallowed.

Front 63

Evaluation Guidelines

Back 63

1. Document the medication administration to the appropriate format

2. observe patient's condition for effects from medication

3. document patient's response to the medication