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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of drugs and their action on living organisms?
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Pharmacology
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Define Chemical Name.
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The exact chemical make-up of the drug.
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Define Generic Name
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Name given to a drug before i becomes official. May be used by all manufacturers.
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Define Official Name
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Name listed in "The U.S. Pharmacopeia" May be the same as the Generic Name
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Define Trade Name
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Name that is registered by the manufacturer. (Brand)
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Drug that is designated by federal government to be potentially harmful, so their use must be monitored by a health care provider.
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Prescription Drug
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Drug designated to be safe when taken as directed.
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Non-Prescription Drug
OTC |
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Most carefully monitored of drugs because of their high potential for abuse and dependency
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Controlled Substances
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The amount of time taken to excrete half of the medication.
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Half Life
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Pharmaceutic Phase
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dissolution of the drug.
Parenteral Form & Enteral Form |
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Parenteral Form
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Injectable drugs, through SC, IV, IM, Which are absorbed quickly.
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Enteral Form
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Drugs taken by mouth which are more slowly absorbed.
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Activities within the body after the drug is administered. Includes: Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion.
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Pharmacokinetic Phase
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Process by which the drug is made available for use in the body.
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Absorption
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Factors that Influence the Rate of Absorption
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Route of Administration, Solubility of the Drug, Presence of certain body conditions.
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Metabolization of a drug by the liver before releasing it back into the body.
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First-Pass-Effect
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Circulation of the drug to various tissues of the body.
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Distribution
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Factors Influencing the Rate of Distribution
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1. Protein Binding
2. Blood Flow 3. Solubility |
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Which passes through the cell membrane faster, lipid soluble drugs or water soluble drugs?
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Lipid Soluble
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The process by which the body changes a drug to a more or less active form that can be excreted.
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Metabolism
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What organs metabolize drugs?
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Liver, Kidneys, Lungs, Plasma and Intestinal mucosa.
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The elimination of drugs from the body.
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Excretion
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How are drugs excreted from the body?
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Kidneys, sweat, breastmilk, and GI tract.
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Time between administration of the drug and onset of its therapeutic effect
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Onset
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When absorption rate = elimination rate
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Peak
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Length of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect
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Duration
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The study of the drug mechanism that produce biochemical or physiological changes in the body. Has Primary and Secondary Effect
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Pharmacodynamic Phase
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Primary Effect during Pharmacodynamic Phase
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desired or therapeutic effect
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Second Effect during Pharmacodynamic Phase
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all other effects desirable or undesirable produced by the drug.
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Undesirable Effects of a drug. Can be mild, severe or life-threatening; can be predictable or unpredictable.
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Adverse Drug Reaction
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Usually mild, predicable and unavoidable.
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Side Effect
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Occur's when an individual's immune system view the drug as a foreign substance or antigen; can be mild, sever or life threatening.
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Allergic Reaction
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An Immediate reaction to a drug which can lead to bronchosparm, hypotension and death.
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Anaphylactic Shock
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Any abnormal or unusual reaction to a drug. Usually due to genetics
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Drug Idiosyncrasy
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a decreased response to a drugs, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.
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Drug Tolerance
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In patients with kidney or liver disease, b/c excretion from the body is affected, causing drug accumulation in the body.
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Cumulative Drug Effect
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Harmful effects of drugs when given in high doses of when the drugs are not excreted so that extremely high levels of the drug accumulate in the body can be reversible or irreversible.
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Toxic Reaction
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a genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug
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Pharmacogenetic Reations
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In patients with kidney or liver disease, b/c excretion from the body is affected, causing drug accumulation in the body.
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Cumulative Drug Effect
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Harmful effects of drugs when given in high doses of when the drugs are not excreted so that extremely high levels of the drug accumulate in the body can be reversible or irreversible.
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Toxic Reaction
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a genetically determined abnormal response to normal doses of a drug
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Pharmacogenetic Reations
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When the combined effect of two drugs is equal to the sum of each drug given alone. 1+1=2
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Additive Response
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When the combined effect of two drugs is greater than the sum of the two drugs.
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Synergistic Response
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When one drug interferes with the action of another.
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Antagonistic Response
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Should the drug be given with food, on an empty stomach or not in the presence of certain foods.
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Drug-Food Interactions
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5 Factors Influencing Drug Response
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1. Age
2. Weight 3. Sex 4. Disease 5. Route of Administration |
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Medication Order must be valid. Includes 6 elements
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1. Name
2. Medication Name 3. Dosage 4. Route 5. Time&Date 6. Prescribers Signature |
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What must the nurse know when administering medication? 4 Major things
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1. Purpose of Drugs
2. Drug Actions 3. Major adverse Effects of the drug 4. Be able to teach the patient a/b the drug |
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An error related to medication therapy and includes errors in prescribing, dispensing, administration or monitoring.
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Drug Errors
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What are the 7 types of orders.
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1. Prescription
2. STAT 3. Single or One Time 4. Standing Order 5. Renewal 6. PRN 7. Verbal or Phone |
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Prescription Order
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In hospitals or nursing homes, handwritten or computer documented.
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STAT Order
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give immediately, emergency situation
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Single or One Time Order
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Only given once.
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Standing Order
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when patient is to be given medication on a regular bases
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PRN Order
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To be given as needed
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Verbal of Phone Order
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must be read back to the prescriber while being written down by the nurse. Prescriber must cosign within 24 hours.
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What are the three Dispensing Systems?
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1. Computerized Dispensing System
2. Unit Dose System 3. Floor Stock |
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6 Rights of Medication Administration
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1. Right Patient
2. Right Drug 3. Right Dose 4. Right Route 5. Right Time 6. Right Documentation |
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Nursing Process and Medication Administration
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1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation |
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Assessment Guidelines
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1. Prepare to give meds before the due time.
2. check the mar for the med the patient is receiving 3. assess order. make sure complete. 4. Check the MAR for allergies 5. check the patients vital signs and pertinent lab work. 6. familiarize yourself with new meds. 7. allow time to do some critical thinking ab patient and med taking 8. focus, do not get distracted. |
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Planning Guidelines
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1. With MAR in hand, withdraw one patients med one at a time, check for the first 5 rights.
2. before taking the med to the patients room, compare med with mar for each of the 5 rights. 3. take unopened medication and the MAR to patients room. |
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Implementation Guidelines
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1. Wash hands
2. Check patients armbad using two identifiers 3. Check allergy band with MAR 4. tell patient that you brought the med the physician ordered for them. 5. As you open medication check again 5 rights 6. Don't let hands tough capsules 7. Make sure patient is in comfortable position 8. Listen to patient. Take time to explain. 9. Stay with patient until med is swallowed. |
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Evaluation Guidelines
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1. Document the medication administration to the appropriate format
2. observe patient's condition for effects from medication 3. document patient's response to the medication |