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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the main organ for drug excretion
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kidney
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Rate of renal excretion =
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(rate of filtration + rate of secretion) - rate of reabsorption
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The kidney receives about (20/30/25) % of cardiac output
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25
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What is the normal glomerular filtration rate?
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130ml/min
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What is the main driving force for filtration?
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hydrostatic pressure
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What is the main determinant of whether a substance will be filtered or not?
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Molecular weight
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High protein binding (little glomerular/high glomerular) filtration
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little glomerular filtration
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low protein binding (little glomerular/high glomerular) filtration
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high glomerular filtration
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The transport of anions and cations across the tubule cells require energy, this is supplied by....
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ion gradients
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The Na+ gradient power anion transport across (apical surface/basolateral cell surface)
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basolateral cell surface
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The Na+ gradient power cation transport across (apical surface/basolateral cell surface)
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apical surface
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glucuronide is secreted by OATs or OCTs?
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OATs
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anionic drug is secreted by OATs or OCTs?
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OATs
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sulphate and amino acid metabolites is secreted by OATs or OCTs?
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OATs
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Penicillin (benzylpenicillin) is a drug substrate for OATs or OCTs
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OATs
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non-steriodal anti-inflammatories such as ipuprofen is a drug substrate for OATs or OCTs
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OATs
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anti-cancer drug methotrexate is a drug substrate for OATs or OCTs
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OATs
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is OATs or OCTs responsible forRenal excretion of weakly basic drugs such as cimetridine and quinine
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OCT
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If probenecid and penicillin was administered together this will (increase/decrease) the maintenance of penicillin
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increase
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If probenecid and methotrexate was administered together this will (increase/decrease) the maintenance of penicillin
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increase
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P-glycoprotein is expressed on the (basolateral/apical) surface of tubule cells
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apical
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P-glycoprotein is responsible for the excretion of drug....
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digoxin
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What inhibits P-glycoprotein function?
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Verapamil
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Urine pH varies from about....
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4.5 to 7.5
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If urine is acidic - decreasing the pH will cause ionisation to (increase/decrease) and re-absorption to (increase/decrease)
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decrease
increase |
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If urine is acidic - increasing the pH will cause ionisation to (increase/decrease) and re-absorption to (increase/decrease)
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increase
decrease |
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If urine is alkaline - decreasing the pH will cause ionisation to (increase/decrease) and re-absorption to (increase/decrease)
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increase
decrease |
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If urine is alkaline - increasing the pH will cause ionisation to (increase/decrease) and re-absorption to (increase/decrease)
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decrease
increase |
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What type of excretion are actively transported by the liver cells into the bile to become faeces?
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Biliary excretion
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Biliary excretion may lead to a phenomenom known as _______ cycling
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enterohepatic
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what are the two examples for biliary excretion?
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Methadone and glucuronides
Indometacin and glucuronides |
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The parent drug is released by ....
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glucuronidease in the gut
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What is an example of pulmonary excretion?
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nitrous oxide
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carbimazole is highly ____ soluble and is able to concentrate in milk fat
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lipid
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____ soluble drugs are able to diffuse into the glands that produce sweat.
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lipid
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