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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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wat r anti-bacterial |
drugs that are active against BACTERIA, aka, anti-infectives(use to treat stuff that cause infections) anti-bacterial commonly is refered to as antibiotics |
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sulfonamides - the first |
first anti-biotic, use has recently declined prefix-sulfa available as single ingredient product |
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action of sulfonamides |
BACTERIOSTATIC stop the para-aminobenzoic acid that some bacteria need to multiply |
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uses of sulfanomides |
OFTEN USE TO CONTROL UTI cause by bacteria such as, ecoli, klebsi, staph aureus also treat malaria, meningococcal meningitis, rheumatic fever silver sulfa r use to treat partial/full thickness burn |
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srs adverse of sulfonamides |
variety hematologic changes r srs: agranulocytosis: decrease in granuloctyes (WBC) thrombocytopenia: decrease plateletes aplastic anemia: anemia cause by deficient RBC production in bone marrow leukopenia: decrease of WBC |
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mild adverse of sulfonamides |
anorexia hypersensitivity reactions: steven johnson syndrome(coughs, fever, myo-aches, pain, headache, ect can b seen by LESIONS on skin and other body parts crystal uria (in this case, increase fluid intake) most COMMON reaction to application of mafenide is BURNING sensation/pain to the skin. |
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penicillin |
discovered by sir ARTHUR FLEMING now there r 4 groups of penicillin: natural, penicillinase-resistant, aminopenicillins, xtended-spectrum |
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drug resistant bacteria |
natural penicillin are being resisted by bacterias bc it has been use over a long period of time baterial resistance is the ability of bacter to produce substances that inactivate and destroy an anti-infective drug some bact can produce penicillinase |
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action of penicillin |
prevent bact from using a substance that maintain their outter cell wall ---swell-->rupture---> unusual shape--->death penicillin is both bactericidal and bacteriostatic |
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uses of penicillin to infectious disease |
natural AND semi synthetic r used to treat: UTI, septicemia, meningitis, intra abd infection, gonorrhea, syphilis, pneumonia, resp infections. |
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uses of penicillin in the prophylaxis of diseases |
can't do sh it abt viral/fungal infection so dont try bACTERIA ONLY. HCP use this to prevent secondary inf. caused by viral infect. sometimes prescribed to high risk patients with rheu fever or chronic ear infc can b given before n after precedure to prevent infct |
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adverse of penicillin |
COMMON: mild nausea, vomit, diarrhea, sore tongue/mouth, fever, pain at injection site the most imp. is superinfection - a secondary infection that occur during antibiotic treatment. also hematopoietic |
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hypersensitivity reaction penicillin |
anaphylactic shock - most likely occur with parental use but also oral use (resp distress, hypotension, unconsciousness) cross sensitivity |
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superinfection w most antibiotic |
the 2 most common superinfection r pseudomembranous colitis and candidiasis |
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cephalosphorin and its action |
a wider range of antibiotic, structurally and chemically related to penicillin. 1st,2nd,3rd, 4th, 5th generation affect the bacterial cell wall, usually bactericidal cephalo - cell wall |
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uses of cephalosporin |
used in the treatment of susceptible microorganisms: streptococci, shigella, clostridia, staphylococci usually best treating a specific strand of bact. sometimes use b4 and after surgical procedures to prevent further infections |
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adverse of cephalosporins |
the most common is GASTRO INTESTINAL DISTURBANCES, like nausea vomitting n diarrhea cross sensitivity with penicillin is more common with first and second gen cephal. hemolytic anemia may occur |
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BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC |
tetracyclines, macrolides and lincosamides all may cause pseudomembranous colitis |
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tetracyclines action |
ANTI-INFECTIVES- natural and synthetic compound inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (necessary for reproduction)----> multi rate slows, or bact r destroyed |
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tetracycline uses |
useful with bact that r sensitive to its components (cholera, rickettsiae aka rocky mountain sp fever, typhus) especially effective with gram- and gram + also used in situations where penicillin in contraindicated, amebiasis oral tetrcy. r used for uncompli. urethral, endocervical, rectal infections |
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tetracyclines adverse |
GASTROINTESTINAL REACTIONS: diarrhea, nausea, vomit, stomititis, ect photosensitivity as well (deme- most, mino- least) can cause teeth discoloration in children under 9 years |
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macrolides action |
affect a wide variety of organisms RESPIRATORY and GENITAL TRACT bacteriostatic and cidal, bind to cell membranes and cause changes in protein function |
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macrolides uses |
effective with gram- and gram + prophylaxis if patients r allergic to penicillins treat acne, skin infection, and upper resp tract together wif sulfanomides |
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adverse reactions of macrolides |
gastrointestinal reactions: nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, abd pain pseudomembranous colitis may occur (as with any antibiotic drugs |
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lincosamides action n uses |
effective with many gram + and gram - inhibit protein synthesis --->death HIGH TOXICITY - only use for SERIOUS infct. when penicillin n erythromycin/macrolide is not effective |
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adverse lincosamides |
abd pain, esophagitis, nausea, comiting, diarrhea, skin rash blood dyscrasia may cause pseudomembranous colitis |
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wat r Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides ... how do u pronouce dis |
powerful broad spectrum drug |
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fluoroquinolines action |
suffix - cin bactericidal, interfere with DNA gyrase necessary for bacteria synthesis or DNA---> no cell production ---> death |
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fluoroquinolines uses |
gram + and gram - PRIMARILY treat lower resp infections, skin, UTI n STDs |
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fluoronoqunolines adverse |
bacterial superinfct, and pseudomem colitis hypersensitive reactions MOST COMMON ADV: nausea, disrrhea, headache, abd pain, and dizziness |
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aminoglycosides action n uses |
action: bactericidal, block a step in protein syn ---> disrupt functuon of cell mem -- > death uses: effective towards gram - , supresses gastro intestinal bact., reduce blood ammonia level |
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aminoglycosides adverse |
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity and neurotoxicity |
