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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Sublingual is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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enteral
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Oral is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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enteral
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Rectal is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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enteral
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Injection is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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parenteral
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Inhalation is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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parenteral
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Topical is a (parenteral/enteral) method for drug delivery
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parenteral
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Epithelial cells have tight junction between them drug molecules must pass through cell membranes via (paracellular/transcellular) diffusion
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transcellular
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Glyceryl trinitrate is a drug used in the treatment of angina and is administered via (oral/sublingual/rectum)
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sublingual
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Rate of diffusion is (directly/inversely) proportional to the concentration gradient
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directly proportional
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Rate of diffusion is (directly/inversely) proportional to the surface area
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directly proportional
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Rate of diffusion is (directly/inversely) proportional to the lipid solubility of the molecule
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directly proportional
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Rate of diffusion is (directly/inversely) proportional to the thickness of the membrane
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inversely proportional
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Which organ is the major site for passive diffusion?
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small intestine
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What are the 3 factor that makes the small intestine a good site for absorption?
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1. surface area
2. thin membrane 3. high blood flow |
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The (unionised/ionised) form of a weak acid or base is preferentially absorbed
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unionised
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The unionised form is (lipophobic/lipophilic)
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lipophilic
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The ionised form is (lipophobic/lipophilic)
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lipophobic
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What are the 2 factor for the extent of ionisation
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1. the pH of the solution the acid/base is dissolved in
2. the strength of the weak acid or base |
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What measures the strength of the weak acid or base?
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pK
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What is the formula to measure pK of a weak acid?
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% ionized = 100/1 + anti-log (pK-pH)
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What is the formula to measure pK of a weak base?
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% ionized = 100/1 + anti-log (pH-pK)
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Weak (acid/base) is absorbed by diffusion in acidic environment
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acid
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Weak (acid/base) is absorbed by diffusion in basic environment
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base
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What is the term of the rate at which a drug dissolve controls the rate of absorption from the gut
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dissolution rate-limited absorption
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What is the enteric coat used for? (2)
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1. to protect the drug from gastric acid
2. to protect the stomach lining from any damaging effects of the drug |
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Gastric emptying is promoted by (fasting/food) and is retarded by (fasting/food)
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fasting
food |
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Drugs taken orally has to pass through What 3 major metabolic barrier before they reach the general circulation?
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The intestinal lumen
Intestinal wall liver |
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Which organ is the major site for drug metabolism?
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liver
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What is the term for the loss of drugs by first pass metabolism before it reaches the systemic blood circulation?
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pre-systemic clearance
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Other than the first pass effect how may drug bioavailability be reduced?
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P-glycoprotein
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(L-DOPA/Penicillin/Privastatin/Iron II) is carried by a large neutral amino acid transporters
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L-DOPA
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(L-DOPA/Penicillin/Privastatin/Iron II) is carried by oligopeptide transporter
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Penicillin
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(L-DOPA/Penicillin/Privastatin/Iron II) is carried by monocarboxylitic acid
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Privastatin
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(L-DOPA/Penicillin/Privastatin/Iron II) is carried by divalent metal transporter-1
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Iron II
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What are the 3 routes of injection?
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Intravenous
Intramuscular Subcutaneous |
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When a substance is injected it is transported by (paracellular/transcellular) diffusion
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Paracellular
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(Gentanicin/insulin) is hydophilic
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Gentanicin
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(Gentanicin/insulin) has a large molecular mass
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insulin
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What are the 3 important classes of drugs given by inhalation?
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Anaesthetic gases
Anti-asthma drugs Vasopressin (ADH) analogues |
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What the local action of topical administration?
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dermatological conditions such as eczema
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