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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the electrolytes that we need to pay close attention to when someone is on a diuretic?
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K, Potasium
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What are the big side effects of diuretics
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1. hypovolemia
2. hypokalemia of hyperkalemia(depending on the drug-potassium wasting vs sparing) 3. hypo or hypercalcemia( depending on drug-lasix vs thiazide) 4 hyperlipidemia 5hyperglycermia in DM (diabetics) |
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why don't people stay on their diuretic or antihypertensive regiments?
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becasuse hypertension is symptomless, they often feel cured, perceive SE as worse than HTN, the expense, they might switch drugs, the frequence of urinate might cause issues in life
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why do we use diuretics
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1. increase the amount of Na and chloride excreted by the kidneys
2. decrease circulating volume (reducing volume in plasma and extracellular fluid) 3. lower Na seems to decrease sensitivity of vessels to sympathetics stumilation |
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BAD side effect of lasix (furosemide)
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postural hypotension , ototoxicity (happen when iv push too fast.)
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what do beta blockers do?
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1. Decrease HR, conduction, contractility, and cardiac output
2. inhibits renin release by the kidney 3. reduce myocardial oxygen demand 4. decrease peripheral vascular resistance which lowers BP 5. bronchial constriction |
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what do we use beta blockers for and what are two common side effects?
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Chronic angina, HTN, treat cardiac dysrhythmias, prevent a second MI, threat vascular HA, tremors, anxiety
1. fatigue 2. impotence 3. bradycardia |
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what should we check before giving beta blocker
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heart rate
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what do Calcium channel do and what are two common side effects
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hypertention, treatment of angina, prophylaxis for vascular headaches
1. edema (lower extremities) 2. constipation |
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Angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors use and two side effects
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completely block the angiotensin I converting enzyme; prevents the production of angiotensin II which is a powerful vascular tone; decreases vascular tone; ansence of aldosterone release leads to excretion of fluid; renal protective in diabetics
1. angioedema 2. hyperkalemia 3. cough |
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ARBs(angiotensin receptor blocker) like ACE without cough or angioedema.
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Block at the receptor site instead of the conversion site from Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II.
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Direct renin inhibitors
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stop the whole RAAS cascade from the top. so same as ACE I, just work in a different place and more expensive
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sympatholytics-clonidine. what are the risks with stopping this medication or using it with a beta blocker
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hypertensive crisis
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where does clonidine work
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it decrease sympathetic ourflow from brain to periphery, generalized decrease in sympathetic tone (alpha 2 receptors)--lowers CO, HR, peripheral resistance
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alpha1 blocker: what use do they have besides treatment of HTN
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put old men with big prostate can help they pee because this drug relaxes urinary sphincter tone
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what is one big side effect of alpha one blockers
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Weakness, GI sx, stuffy
nose, edema of the lower extremities, HA, syncope, SOB |
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direct acting vasodilators-what is a side effect of these drugs
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1. reflex tachycardia
2. postural hypotension |
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crisis drug-nipride (nitroprusside) what type of poisoning/toxicity do patients get?
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Metabolic acidosis, cherry-red coloration of skin and blood, thready pulse, impaired reflexes, seizures, altered consciousness, almond odor to breath
•Sign of poisoning is tolerance to effects (so you increase your dose and patient is now really in trouble) |
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what is the antidote to nipride toxicity
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Antidote: amyl nitrate inhalation until sodium nitrite infusion begun, then sodium thiosulfate
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