Pharmacology Chp. 1

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ADVERSE DRUG EVENT (ADE)

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An injury caused by a medication or failure to administer an intended medication; may or may not be preventable( due to errors); may or may not cause client harm; includes all adverse drug reactions but is not caused by a medication error; also includes expected or anticipated side effects of medications

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ADVERSE DRUG REACTION (ADR)

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Any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or excessive response to a medication; may or may not be preventable, may or may not harm client; all ADR’s are ADE’s but not all ADE’s are ADR’s.

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AGONIST

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A drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body, resulting in stimulatory or agonistic drug effects.

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ANTAGONIST

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A drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more biochemical receptor types in the body; resulting in inhibitory or antagonistic drug effects. Antagonists are also called inhibitors.

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CHEMICAL NAME

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The name that describes a drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

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CONTRAINDICATION

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Any condition, including any current or recent drug therapy, especially related to disease states or other client characteristics that renders a particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.

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DRUG EFFECT

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The physiological reaction of the body to a drug. It is similar to a drug’s therapeutic effect on that it constitutes how the function is affected as a whole by the drug. The terms onset, peak and duration are used to describe drug effects.

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DRUG INTERACTION

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Alteration of the pharmacological activity of a given drug by the presence of one or more additional drugs, usually due to effects on the activity of enzymes required for metabolism of all involved drugs.

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FIRST-PASS EFFECT

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The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from gastrointestinal (GI) tract, before the drug reaches systematic circulation through the blood stream.

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GENERIC NAME

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Name given to a drug approved by Health Canada. The name is not protected by trademark

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ONSET OF ACTION

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The time it takes for the drug to elicit a therapeutic response

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PEAK EFFECT

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The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response in the body

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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

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Treatment of pathological conditions through the use of drugs

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RECEPTOR

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Molecular structure within or on the outer surfac eof cells

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SIDE EFFECT

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An undesireable effect of a medication that is expected or anticipated to occur in a predictable percentage of clients who receive a medication

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STEADY STATE

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Physiological state in which the amount of drug removed via elimination is equal to the amount of drug absorbed with each dose

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THERAPEUTIC EFFECT

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The desired or intended effect of a particular medication

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TRADE NAME

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Final name given to a drug

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PHARMACOKINETICS

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The study of drug distributionrates among various body compartments after a drug has entered the body. Include the phases of absorpton, distribution, metabolism, excretion of drugs (What the drug does to the body)

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PHARMACODYNAMICS

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The study of biochemical & physiological interactions of drugs (What the body does to the drug)

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DRUG CLEARANCE

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Elimination of drug by hepatic & renal system

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HALF-LIFE

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Time required to reduce plasma concentration of drug to half the original concentration

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DRUG PLASMA CONCENTRATION

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Amt. of free drug in blood plasma

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ADJUNCT THERAPY

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Combination drug therapy used when clients condition does not respond adequetly to a single drug