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8 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Opportunistic Infections:
TB
-MAC
-Cryptococcus
-Varicella-Zoster
-HSV
-Candidiasis
Drugs for HIV Infection and Related Opportunistic Infections:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV is a retrovirus rna---->dna
Target cells: CD4+ T cells (helper lymphocytes)
Transmission—blood and body fluids
Stages
What does Retro virus mean?
Goes from RNA ---> DNA
Why might one not get HIV from a needle stick?
-Need copious amounts of blood
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)

Zidovudine [Retrovir]
[MOA]
[AE]
Zidovudine competes with the natural substrate, for incorporation into growing chains of viral reverse transcriptase, thereby inhibiting viral DNA replication.
Zidovudine prematurely terminates the growing DNA chain.

Adverse effects:
Anemia
Bone marrow suppression
Neutropenia
Lactic acidosis
Gastrointestinal effects
Drug interactions
Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nevirapine [Viramune]
[MOA]
[AE]
[MOA]
-Binds to HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme and prevents transcription
-Not incorporated into viral chain

Adverse effects:
Rash
Erythema multiforme
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
– Hepatotoxicity
– Many cytochrome mediated drug interactions
Protease Inhibitors
MOA- directly binds to the protease active site to prevent the cleavage of the polyprotein precursors to become functional proteins
AE]
Hyperglycemia/diabetes
Fat redistribution
<BR>Hyperlipidemia
<BR>Reduced bone denty
<BR>Hepatotoxicity
<BR>Increased bleeding in hemophiliacs
<BR>Reduced bone mineral density<BR>
Elevation of serum transaminase<BR>
[DRUGS]<BR>Protease inhibitors:<BR>Saquinavir [Invirase, Fortovase]<BR>Indinavir [Crixivan]<BR>Ritonavir [Norvir]<BR>Nelfinavir [Viracept]<BR>Amprenavir [Agenerase]<BR>Lopinavir/ritonavir [Kaletra]
Fusion Inhibitors
Fuzeon [Enfuvirtide]
[MOA]
[AE]
MOA-Inhibits the fusion of HIV-1 virus with CD4 cells by blocking the conformational change in gp41 required for membrane fusion and entry into CD4 cells Virus loses ability to grasp mammalian CD4 cells
Adverse effects:CNS:Fatigue (20%), insomnia (11%)
GI: Diarrhea (32%), nausea (23%)
Local: Injection site infection (children 11%), injection site reactions (98%; pain, erythema, induration, pruritus,, nodule or cyst formation)