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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Opportunistic Infections:
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TB
-MAC -Cryptococcus -Varicella-Zoster -HSV -Candidiasis |
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Drugs for HIV Infection and Related Opportunistic Infections:
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
HIV is a retrovirus rna---->dna Target cells: CD4+ T cells (helper lymphocytes) Transmission—blood and body fluids Stages |
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What does Retro virus mean?
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Goes from RNA ---> DNA
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Why might one not get HIV from a needle stick?
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-Need copious amounts of blood
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs)
Zidovudine [Retrovir] [MOA] [AE] |
Zidovudine competes with the natural substrate, for incorporation into growing chains of viral reverse transcriptase, thereby inhibiting viral DNA replication.
Zidovudine prematurely terminates the growing DNA chain. Adverse effects: Anemia Bone marrow suppression Neutropenia Lactic acidosis Gastrointestinal effects Drug interactions |
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Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Nevirapine [Viramune] [MOA] [AE] |
[MOA]
-Binds to HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme and prevents transcription -Not incorporated into viral chain Adverse effects: Rash Erythema multiforme Stevens-Johnson syndrome – Hepatotoxicity – Many cytochrome mediated drug interactions |
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Protease Inhibitors
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MOA- directly binds to the protease active site to prevent the cleavage of the polyprotein precursors to become functional proteins
AE] Hyperglycemia/diabetes Fat redistribution <BR>Hyperlipidemia <BR>Reduced bone denty <BR>Hepatotoxicity <BR>Increased bleeding in hemophiliacs <BR>Reduced bone mineral density<BR> Elevation of serum transaminase<BR> [DRUGS]<BR>Protease inhibitors:<BR>Saquinavir [Invirase, Fortovase]<BR>Indinavir [Crixivan]<BR>Ritonavir [Norvir]<BR>Nelfinavir [Viracept]<BR>Amprenavir [Agenerase]<BR>Lopinavir/ritonavir [Kaletra] |
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Fusion Inhibitors
Fuzeon [Enfuvirtide] [MOA] [AE] |
MOA-Inhibits the fusion of HIV-1 virus with CD4 cells by blocking the conformational change in gp41 required for membrane fusion and entry into CD4 cells Virus loses ability to grasp mammalian CD4 cells
Adverse effects:CNS:Fatigue (20%), insomnia (11%) GI: Diarrhea (32%), nausea (23%) Local: Injection site infection (children 11%), injection site reactions (98%; pain, erythema, induration, pruritus,, nodule or cyst formation) |