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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet cells
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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Type 1 DM if untreated can lead to ________
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cardiovascular damage
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What 3 ways is DM Type 2 treated?
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diet, exercise and oral hypoglycemics
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Symptoms of DM
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Tired, thirsty, hungry, weight loss, frequent urination, neuropathy, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction
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Hyperglycemia diagnosed if fasting blood suger is _____
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greater than 126 mg/dl
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Insulin promotes conversion of ______
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glycogen into glucose
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Only _______ can be given IV
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regular insulin
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Mechanism of action of regular insulin
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promotes entry of glucose into cells
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Regular insulin is used for emergency management of ________
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ketoacidosis
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Adverse effect of regular insulin
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hypoglycemia
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Because several drugs antagonize the hypoglycemic effects of insulin the nurse should ALWAYS ________
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check drug manual before administering any drug agent to diabetic patients
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Hypoglycemic when blood sugar is _________
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below 50 mg/dl
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Semi-conscious/unconscious hypoglycemic patients receive what treatment?
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either glucogon (IM, IV or subQ), IV dextrose 50% or cake-decorating paste/frosting
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Conscious hypoglycemic patients receive what treatment?
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4 oz Orange Juice, sugar containing soda or hard candy
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______ can alter the amount of insulin required
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infection
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Two important assessments needed for clients receiving insulin are :
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blood-glucose level
appetite and ability to eat |
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Check urine for ketones if blood sugar is ______
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over 300 mg/dL
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Insulin causes ________ to also move out of the cell, therefore the patient is at risk for ___________
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potassium, hypokalemia
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Oral hyperglycemics have the potential to cause
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hypoglycemia
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Type 2 diabetics should have a proprandial blood sugar of ______
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110 mg/dL
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Prototype for oral hypoglycemics
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glipizide (Glucotrol)
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Stimulates the pancrease to secrete more insulin
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glucotrol
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Primary use of glipizide (Glucotrol)
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for treatment of type 2 diabetics
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Adverse effects of oral hypoglycemics
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hypoglycemia, rashes, photosensitivity possible
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2 important teaching points with clients using mixed insulin
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always draw clear then cloudy
always use the correct syringe (insuling syringe) |
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4 rights to subcutaneous insulin injection
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right drug, right dose, right syringe, right site (rotate)
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Ketones are spilled in urine when ______
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fat is used for energy
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