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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TRUE OR FALSE 1/4 of the top 200 drugs prescribed are cardiovascular drugs |
TRUE |
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Describe heart failure What is the most common side for heart failure |
Cardiac output is indeaquate to meet O2 demands Left side |
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What does dyspnea mean |
Shortness of breath |
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What does Orthopnea mean |
Dyspnea when lying down pillows at night |
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What happens when the right side fails |
Systemic Congestion with peripheral edema (pitting edema) |
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What happens when the left side fails |
Blood backs up into the lungs causing Dyspnea Orthopnea |
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What does cardiac output mean |
Stroke Volume X Heart Rate Amount of blood put out when the heart beats |
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What is the healthy ejection fraction between |
50 to 65% |
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What does digoxin do (4) |
Increases the force and strength of contraction Reduces edema Reduces the size of the heart as additional blood is removed Allows the heart to do more work without additional oxygen |
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What is the primary use of Digoxin |
Heart failure |
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Long terms studys show what about digoxin |
Does not reduce mortality but reduces hospitilization |
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What are the adverse reactions of Digoxin |
Concurrent with sympathomimetics can increase the chance of arrhythmias LIMIT to CARDIAC DOSE |
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What can increase toxicity with digoxin |
Tetracycline Erythomicine |
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What is the first line drug used for HF |
Angiotension-Converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) |
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What is the first line of drug for HF that cannot tolerate ACEI |
Angiotensn Receptor Blockers (ARB's) |
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B-Adrenergic Blockers are combined with what for Treatment of HF |
ACEI's Angiotensin- Converting Enzyme inhibitors |
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What type of Vasodilators are used for treatment of HF |
Hydralazine Isosorbide Dinitrate |
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What does Hydralazine do |
Arterial vasodilator =reduces afterload Left side |
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What does Isosorbide dintrate do |
Venous dilator=reduces preload Right side |
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What do duirtecs do when treating HF |
removes fluid
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ANTIARRHYTHMICS AGENTS |
......................
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What is the pacemaker of the heart |
SA NODE
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what does antiarrhythmic Agents do |
Depresses part of the heart that are beating abnormally
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AGINA PECTORIS |
............... |
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What is Agina |
Characterized by pain or discomfort in the chest radiating to the left arm and shoulder also the neck, back, and mandible |
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What causes Agina |
Insuffiecient coronary atery perfusion to the myocardium to meet oxygen demand for work |
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What is the most common nitrate used for management of acute agina |
Nitroglycerin reduces amount of blood returning to the hears (preload) |
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Once Nitroglycerin has been open how long till it needs to be discarded
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3 months |
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What is a Nitroglyercin contraindicated with |
Erectile dysfunction class drugs (PDE5 inhibitors) |
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CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS |
............... |
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What does calcium channel blockers do |
Inhibit movement of calcium during contraction of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilation and decrease in peripheral resistance (Afterload) |
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What do B-Adrenic drugs do |
Block the beta receptor in the SA node Reducing the chronotropic and inotropic effects |
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How can Agina attacks be prevented |
Nitrous BZD's NTG prophylaxis No PDE5(erectile dysfunction) inhibitor in the last 24 hours |
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How is agina treated |
Seated position One table every 5 minutes up to total 3 tablets |
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what is a silent disease |
Hypertension |
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What is the most common hypertension |
Essential Primary (Idiopathic |
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What are the different Cardiovascular Drug classes? |
Calcium Channel Blockers Beta Blockers Ace Inhibitors ARBS Duretics CNS Alpha 1 |
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What is the suffix for Calcium Channel blockers |
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What is the suffix for Beta Blockers |
OLOL |
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What is the suffix for Ace Inhibitors |
PRIL |
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What is the Suffix for ARBS |
ARTIN |
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What is the Suffix for Alpha 1 |
AZOSIN |
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What does Calcium channel blockers do |
Slows movement ofextracellular calcium to slow muscle contraction |
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What does Beta Blockers do |
Part of SANS works at the SA NODE Decreased cardiac output=lowers blood pressure |
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What does Ace Inhibitors do |
Prevent conversion of Angiotension I and II |
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What is a side effect of ACE inhibitors |
Dry Hacking Cough |
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What does ARB's do |
Blocks the effects of Angiotensin II Increases Plasma Renin causing vasodilation and decreased sodium/water retention (reduces blood pressure) |
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Which has less adverse effects ACE or ARBS |
ARBS since it works at a receptor site |
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What does ALPHA 1 Adrenergic blockers do |
Blocks receptors at organ tissues types to decrease blood pressure |
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What does drugs interact with Alpha 1 |
Nsaids Epinephrine |
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NSAIDS DO NOT REDUCE WHAT DRUG CLASS |
Calcium channel blockers |
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What oral manifestationd does calcium channel blockers cause ( 3) |
xerostomia Dysgeusia Gingival enlargement |
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What is the most common calcium channel blocker that causes gingival enlargement |
Nifedipine |
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What does centrally acting Antihypertensives do |
Stimulation of presynatpic central alpha receptors results in decreased sympathetic outflow |
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What does Vasodilators do (Hydrolazine) |
Acts on arterioles causing vasodilation and decreased peripheral resistance |
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What drugs cause constipation |
Verampil Opiods |
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ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC AGENTS |
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What is the first line treatment for antihyperlipidemic agent |
Exercise and diet (Low in saturated fats and cholesterol) |
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What is the second line of treatment for antihyperlipidemic agent |
HMG Co A reductace inhibitors Lowers cholesteral synthesis |
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What is the suffix for antihyperlipidemic agents |
Statins |
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What pregnancy risk factor is antihyperlipidemic agents |
X |
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What is done routinely due to risk of hepatotoxicity for antihyperlipidemic agents |
Liver function test |
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ANTICOGULANTS |
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What does Thrombi mena |
Intravascular clots |
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What does Emboli mean |
Where they break off and get caught in smaller vessels of major organs |
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How does Coumadin (Warfarin work) |
Blocks synthesis factors 7, 9 and 10 by prevention of Vitamin K |
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What is the adverse reaction to Warfarin |
Bleeding |
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Does Warfarin have a large or narrow theraputic index |
Narrow |
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What needs to be checked regulary when taking Warfarin |
INR internation Normalized Ratio |
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What is the standard for Warfarin |
Lower doses |
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What drug is Contraindicated to Warfarin |
Aspirin (Displaces bound warfarin in plasma) Can cause fatal hemorrhages |
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What causes Warfarin to have an added anticoagulant effect |
Antibiotics |
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What is the normal target INR for all considerations |
2-3.5 |
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What INR for SRP |
Listed as probably safe without local measures |
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What should the INR be for single tooth extractions |
3.5 or below with local measures |
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What is the INR for Thrombophelbitis or AF |
2-3 |
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What is the INR for prosthetic heart valve |
2.5-3 |
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CHAPTER 16 ANTICONVULSANTS |
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What are two types of Generalized seizures |
Absence seizures Tonic Clonic seizures |
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Describe Absence seizures |
Petit Mal Consciousness and little movement |
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Describe Tonic Clonic Seizures
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Grand Mal Loss of consciousness and movement of large muscle groups Have Aura |
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Describe Petit Mal seizures (3) |
Begin in childhood, disappear in middle age Patient is usually unaware No Aura |
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What treatment from the dental team that is needed for a petit mal |
None |
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What is the drugs used to treat petit mal seizures |
Ethosuximde Valproate Lamotrigine |
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Describe Grand mal seizures |
Longer periods Loss of consciousness and major muscle activity |
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What happens during grand mal seizures |
Body become rigid patient falls tonic rigidity followed by clonic jerking |
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What is the treatment for for Grand Mal seizures |
Valproic acid Phenytoin Carbamazepine |
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What is a static epilepticus seizure |
Continous tonic clonic seizure that last longer than 3o minutes |
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Emerency situation |
Hypoxia is the main concern Rapid therapy is required |
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What are the drugs of choice for static epilepticus seizures |
Parental IV Benzodiazepines |
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Describe Carbamazepine (tegretol) |
Mechanism is blocking sodium channels and Nerve impulses
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Adverse effects of Carbamazepine (3) |
Hematologic Alopecia Inducer of liver microsomal enzymes |
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Describe Valproate |
Mechanism of action is :Sodium channels, reduction in aspartate levels, and an increase in Gaba |
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What are adverse effects of Valproate |
Hepatotoxicity (LFT) Bleeding |
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Decrease Phentoin (Dilantin) |
Narrow therapeutic index Liver microsmal enhancer |
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What is the adverse effects of Phentoin (Dilatin) |
Dermatologic effects Gingival enlargement |
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Describe ethosuximide |
Inhibition of calcium channels |
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What are adverse reactions Ethosuximide |
Gingival enlargement Swelling of the tongue |
