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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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major categories of abused substances
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Opioids
Stimulates Depressants |
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what are the individual drugs that are abused substances
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Alcohol
Methamphetamine Ecstacy Nicotine |
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what are opioid agents
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Synthetic pain-relieving substances from the opium plant. Morphine and codeine are useful analgesics from the unripe seed of the opium poppy.
Heroin and opium are Schedule I banned agents in the US – although heroin is most commonly abused opioids. Other commonly abused opioids are codeine, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, morphine, opium, oxycodone, and propoxyphene. Work by blocking receptors in the CNS and blocking pain. Opioids can produce narcosis or stupor thus referred to narcotics and can lead to respiratory arrest. |
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what are the indications of opioid agents
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Relieve pain
Reduce cough Relieve diarrhea Induce anesthesia Use opioids to treat addiction - methodone Contraindications- known drug allergy, pregnancy, respiratory depression, and severe asthma, bowel paralysis. |
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what are the adverse effects of opioids
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CNS and all other
CNS effects are diuresis, miosis, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, and respiratory depression Other than CNS- release histamine, then vasodilation leading to hypotension, constipation, contractions of ureter leading to decreased urine flow, dilation of cutaneous blood vessels leading to flushing of the skin. |
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what happens when you have withdrawl from opioids and how do you treat it
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Drug seeking, mydriasis, piloerectin, diaphoresis, rhinorrhea, lacrimation, diarrhea, insomnia, elevated blood pressure and pulse.
Drugs used for Withdrawal Clonidine (Catapres) Methadone Narcan given in ER |
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what are stimulants
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Amphetamine
Cocaine Methamphetamine Ecastasy Work – releasing biogenic amines from their storage sites in the nerve terminals. The common biogenic amine released is norepinephrine which causes stimulation of the CNS. Increase heart rate, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Smooth muscles – urinary bladder Narcolepsy Stimulation of the respiratory center Obesity – reduce food intake |
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what are the adverse effects of stimulants
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Restlessness, dizziness, tremor, hyperactive reflexes, talkativeness, tenseness, irritability, weakness, insomnia, fever, and euphoria.
CV – headache, chilliness, pallor or flushing, palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias, anginal pain, hypertension or hypotension, and circulatory collapse. |
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what are examples of depressants
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Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates Benzodiazepine – roofies or the date rape drug. (rohypnol) |
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what is the mechanism of action of depressants
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Benzodiazepines and barbiturates work by increasing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Gaba is an inhibitory amino acid in the brain that functions to inhibit nerve transmission in the CNS. Relieved anxiety, sedation, and muscle relaxation. CNS effects include sedation, amnesia, muscle relaxation, unconsciousness, and reduced anxiety.
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what are the indications of depressants
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Relieve anxiety
Induce sleep Sedation Anticonvulsants Contraindications – Known allergy, dyspnea or airway obstruction, narrow-angle glaucoma, porphyria. |
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what is the antagonist for depessant
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Romazicon – Competes with the binding sites in the CNS. Romazicon has a stronger affinity and knocks the benzodiazepine off the receptor site, reversing the sedative action.
Give 0.2 mgs IV up to 1 mg. |
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what is alcohol
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Whisky – water of life
ETOH poisoning Do not use in water for sponge baths to reduce fever Moderate doses causes vasodilation and produces flushing. |
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what is the adverse effects of alcohol
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Neurological and mental disorders – maybe even seizures
Werniche’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis Decrease in Vitamin B Alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver Fetal alcohol syndrome - craniofacial abnormalities, CNS dysfunction, & growth retardation. |
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what happens if you OD on alcohol and how to you treat it
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Antabuse – Hypotension, headache, sweating, vertigo, confusion, NAUSEA, and COPIOUS VOMITING, thirst, and difficulty breathing.
Treatment Ativan – 1-2 mg IV Valium- 10-25 mgs po Librium – 50-100 mgs IV |
