Pharmacology Ch29 Antipsychotics

Front 1

define dopamine hypothesis (& the disorder it references)?

Back 1

hypothesis of schizophrenia proposes that disorder is caused by relative excess of function activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in specific neuronal tracts in the brain

Front 2

what type of dopamine receptor is found on the caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus that is negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase?

Back 2

D2

Front 3

blockade of D2 receptors has this adverse effect?

Back 3

extramyramidal dysfunction

Front 4

most of the newer atypical drugs (olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone) have high affinity for this receptor?

Back 4

5-HT 2A (although they may also interact with D2 and other receptors)

Front 5

with the exception of this drug all antipsychotic drugs block H1 receptors to some degree?

Back 5

Haloperidol

Front 6

what is the function of the dopaminergic mesocortical-mesolimbic pathways?

Back 6

regulates mentation and mood

Front 7

what is the function of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal tract?

Back 7

extrapyramidal function

Front 8

what is teh function of the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular pathway?

Back 8

control of prolactin release

Front 9

what are the positive symptoms of psychophrenia?

Back 9

hyperactivity, bizarre ideation, hallucinations, and delusions

Front 10

newer atypical durgs are reported to improve some of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia including?

Back 10

emotional blunting and social withdrawl

Front 11

this drug has been sued as the sole agent in the manic phase and acts as mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder?

Back 11

Olanzapine

Front 12

this antipsychotic durg is used mainly in Tourette's syndrome?

Back 12

Molindone

Front 13

with the exception of this drug most phenothiazine have antiemetic actions?

Back 13

thioridazine

Front 14

this phenothiazine is used soley for its antiemetic properties?

Back 14

Prochlorperazine

Front 15

extrapyramidal toxicity occurs most frequently with this drug?

Back 15

Haloperidol (and the more potent piperazine side chain phenothiazines (eg fluphenazine, trifluoperazine)

Front 16

this toxicity includes choreoathetoid movements of the muscles of the lips and buccal cavity and may be irreversible?

Back 16

Tardive dyskinesias

Front 17

which drug has the strongest autonomic effects?

Back 17

Thioridazine

Front 18

which drug has the weakest autonomic effects?

Back 18

Haloperidol

Front 19

all of the atypicals can cause this side effect?

Back 19

orthostatic hypotension

Front 20

failure ot ejaculate is common in men treated with these drugs?

Back 20

Phenothiazines

Front 21

endocrine and metabolic side effects of antipyschotics?

Back 21

hyperprolactinemia, gynecomastia, and amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome and infertility, significant also {weight gain and hyperglycemia (diabetogenic action) w/ olanzapine and clozapine}

Front 22

pts particularly sensitive to the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotics may develop this syndrome?

Back 22

malignant hyperthermic syndrome

Front 23

what is the treatment for malignant hyperthermia?

Back 23

Dantrolene (and perhaps dopamine agonists)

Front 24

sedation is a marked side effect with phenothiazines especially this one?

Back 24

Chlorpromazine

Front 25

what is the least sedating of the newer agents?

Back 25

Aripiprazole

Front 26

visual impairment due to retinal deposits has occurred with this drug

Back 26

thioridazine

Front 27

at high doses this drug can cause severe conduction defects in the heart resulting in fatal ventricular arrhythmias?

Back 27

Thioridazine

Front 28

this drug prolongs the QT interval of the ECG?

Back 28

Ziprasidone

Front 29

this drug causes a small but important (1-2%) incidence of agranulocytosis and at high doses has caused seizures?

Back 29

Clozapine

Front 30

plasma levels of this drug may be altered by changes in body water?

Back 30

Lithium

Front 31

dehydration of treatment with thiazide diuretics may result in an increase in levels of this drug that may reach toxic levels?

Back 31

Lithium

Front 32

this drug increases the renal clearance of Lithium?

Back 32

Tehophylline

Front 33

MOA of lithium?

Back 33

inhibits recycling of neuronal membrane phosphoinositides involved in teh generation fo inositol triphosphate (IP3) and DAG. these 2nd messengers are imp in amine neurotransmission

Front 34

what are the adverse neurologic symptoms of Lithium?

Back 34

tremor, sedation, ataxia, & aphasia

Front 35

this renal condition occurs commonly at therapeutic dug levels of lithium?

Back 35

Diabetes insipidus

Front 36

Edema is a frequent adverse effect of this drug?

Back 36

Lithium

Front 37

acneiform skin eruptions occur and leukocytosis is always present when on this drug?

Back 37

Lithium

Front 38

the use of Lithium in prenancy may increase incidence of this congenital defect?

Back 38

Congentical Cardiac Anomalies (Ebstein's anomaly)

Front 39

Lithium is contraindicated in this group of people?

Back 39

nursing mothers