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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does the CNS consist of
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excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters and their cooresponding receptors
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what are CNS stimulants
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a broad class of drugs that stimulate specific areas of the brain or spinal cord. theya act by stimulating the excitory neurons, enhancing the activity in the brain of one or more neurotransmitters
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what do CNS stimulants do
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Drugs that stimulate a specific area of the brain or spinal cord
Mimic norepinephrine and epinephrine CNS – elevate mood, increase energy, increase alertness, decrease appetite, and enhance the performance of tasks impaired by fatigue or boredom Ex. Cocaine, amphetamines, caffeine CNS works by checks and balances – excitatory or inhibitory systems |
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what is the classification of CNS stimulants
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Location of action in the CNS
Chemical Structural similarities Use limited to 5 areas Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and narcolepsy Anorexiants Antimigraine drugs (Serotonin agonist) Analeptics |
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what are the classes of CNS
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amphetemines, serotonin agonists, sympathomimetics, and xanthines
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what is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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Most common psychiatric disorder in children
Boys more often affected Inappropriate ability to maintain attention span with hyperactivity and impulsivity |
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how long does ADHD last
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you will general outgrow it but there is cases in some adults
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what is nacolepsy
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Incurable neurological condition which patents unexpectedly fall asleep in the middle of daily activities, “sleep attacks.”
dysfunction REM sleep |
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what is cataplexy
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associated symptom in at least 70% of narcolepsy cases – sudden loss of voluntary muscles with the exception of respiratory and ocular muscles. Associate with laughter, anger, or other emotions. May fall to the floor.
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what else to people with narcolepsy have
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migraine HA
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what drugs are used for narcolepsy and ADHD
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Central
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what do stimulants do
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elevate mood, increase energy and alertness, decrease appetite, and enhance task performance impaired by boredom or fatique
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what are examples for stimulants
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cocaine, caffenine, amphetamine sulfate,
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what do amphetamines and phenidates affect what
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dopamine and norepinephrine
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what are the side effects of drugs used for ADHD and narcolepsy
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increasesd heart rate and blood pressure, angina, anxiety, insomnia, HA, tremor, blurred vision, increased metabolic rate, GI distress, andfry mouth
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ritalin
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tx of ADHA and narcolepsy
CNS stimulant pedi 5mg to a max of 60mg adult 20-60mg |
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adderal
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CNS stimulant
pedi 3-5yrs 2.5mg pedi 6yrs and older 5mg qd,bid TX ADHD and narcolepsy |
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concerta
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CNA stimulant
pedi 18-54mg ADHD and narcolepsy |
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what is considered overweight and obesity
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over weight-BMI 25-29.9
obesity BMI 30 or higher |
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what are some effects of obesity
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hypertension, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, gallbladder disease, sleep apnea, and some cancers
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what do anorexiants do
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Suppress appetite control centers of the brain
Orlistat ( Xenical) works by irreversibly inhibiting the enzyme lipase which results in decreased amounts of ingested dietary fat Sibutramine (Meridia) inhibits the reuptake of serotonin which enhances satiety |
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what are side effects of anorexiant
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heart palpitations, dysrythmias, anxiety, agitiation, dizziness, HA, mania, cardiac arrest, and stroke
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what is a migraine
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reoccuring HA that last usually between 4-72 hrs and the pain usually worsen with each pulse
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what are some s/s of migraine
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nausea, vomitting, photophobia, phonophobia, aura
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what will cause migraines
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stress, emotionallity, hypoglycemia, menses, estrogens, exercise, alcohol. caffeine, cocaine, nitrglycerin, aspartame, MSG
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what in the brain causes migraine
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neural structure have unpredictable episodes of inflammatory dysfunction that results in pain
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how do antimigaine drugs work
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triptans stimulate receptors in the cerebral arteries, causing vasoconstriction and normally reducing or eliminating HA symptoms.
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what are the side effects of antimigraine drugs
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coronary circulation, tingling, flushing, congested feeling in the head or chest
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imitrax
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serotonin agonist
PO 25,50,100mg SC 6mg nasal 5-30mg acute migrainea with or without aura |
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xyrem
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CNS depressant
PO 2.25g max 9g cataplexy |
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what do analeptics do
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stimulate the areas of the CNS that control respiration mainly the medulla and spinal cord
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what are examples of analeptics
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Methylxanthines – aminophylline, theophylline, and caffeine
Doxapram |
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what is the enzyme do
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breaks down cAMP which relaxes the smooth muscle in respiratory tract
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what does theophylline metabolize
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caffeine
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what does caffeine do
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blocking adenosine which is used for sleep promotion
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what does doxapram
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stimulates the area in the brain that senses CO2 content if it is high it will induce deeper and faster breathing
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what are the side effects of analeptics
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stimulates vagal, vasomotoer, adn respiratory centers, and skeletal muscle.
vagal effects gastric secretions, diarrhea, and reflex tachycardia flushing, sweating, elevated resp rate, musclar tension, reduced deep-tendon reflexes |
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dopram
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analeptic
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