Pharmacology Ch. 26 Drugs For Dysrhythmias

Front 1

What is the only way to diagnose a dysrhythmia?

Back 1

the an ECG

Front 2

What are the two classes of Anti-dysrhythmics?

Back 2

Those that:
block conduction (ion flow) or
alter autonomic activity.

Front 3

What are the five classes of Anti-dysrhythmics?

Back 3

Class I - Sodium channel blockers
Class II - Beta blockers
Class III - Potassium channel blockers
Class IV - Calcium channel blockers
Class V - Miscellaneous

Front 4

Describe Class I

Back 4

Sodium channel blockers
Block sodium ion channels and suppress ectopic activity

Front 5

Describe Class II

Back 5

Beta blockers
Slow heart rate, decrease conduction velocity through AV node

Front 6

Describe Class III

Back 6

Potassium channel blockers
Delay repolarization and lengthens refractory period—stabilizes dysrhythmias

Front 7

Describe Class IV

Back 7

Calcium channel blockers
Reduces automaticity in SA node and slows impulse conduction through AV node; slows heart rate

Front 8

Describe Class V

Back 8

Miscellaneous
Slow conduction through AV node and/or decrease automaticity of SA node

Front 9

procainamide (Pronestyl)
Class:
Mechanism:
Use:
Adverse effects:

Back 9

Class: Class I
Mechanism of action: to block sodium ion channels, which slows rate of impulse conduction across heart
Primary use: to correct atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias
Adverse effects: creates new dysrhythmias or worsens existing ones

Front 10

propranolol (Inderal)
Class:
Mechanism:
Use:
Adverse effects:

Back 10

Class: Class II
Mechanism of action: to block beta receptors, which reduces automaticity and slows conduction velocity across myocardium
Primary use: to treat atrial dysrhythmias associated with heart failure
Adverse effects: bradycardia, hypotension with dizziness and fainting
Bronchospasms, hypoglycemia, diminished libido

Front 11

amiodarone (Cordarone)
Class:
Mechanism:
Use:
Adverse effects:

Back 11

Class: Class III
Mechanism of action: to block potassium-ion channels in myocardial cells, which prolongs refractory period of heart
Primary use: to treat resistant ventricular tachycardia, atrial dysrhythmias with heart failure
Adverse effects: blurred vision, pneumonia-like syndrome, bradycardia, hypotension

Front 12

verapamil (Calan)
Class:
Mechanism:
Use:
Adverse effects:

Back 12

Class: Class IV
Mechanism of action: to block calcium ion channels, which reduces automaticity and slows myocardial (AV) conduction velocity
Primary use: to treat supraventricular dysrhythmias
Adverse effects: bradycardia, hypotension, headache

Front 13

digoxin (Lanoxin) and adenosine (Adenocard)
Class:
Mechanism:
Use:
Adverse effects:

Back 13

Class: Misc.
Mechanism of action: to decrease automaticity of SA node and slow conduction through AV node but not act by blocking ion channels

Primary use: for digoxin—certain types of atrial dysrhythmias; for adenosine—serious atrial tachycardia
Adverse effects: creates new dysrhythmias or worsens existing ones
Digoxin: nausea, vomiting, headache, visual disturbances
Adenosine: facial flushing, dyspnea

Front 14

Calcium channel blockers are only effective against this type of dysrhythmia:

Back 14

Supraventricular dysrhythmia