Pharmacology Ch 13

Front 1

Acne

Back 1

One of the most common skin conditions affecting children and adolescents; caused by sebaceous gland hyperplasia triggered by increased androgen levels, changes in the growth and differentiation of cells lining the hair follicles, bacterial invasion of the follicle by Propionibacterium acne’s, and subsequent inflammation of the follicle epithelium.

Front 2

Atopic dermatitis

Back 2

Is a common immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting 8%-18% of US children younger than 17 years of age.

Characterized by a pruritic, scaling rash that flares and subsides at intervals.

Sometimes called “the itch that rashes,” as its primary feature is intense pruritus.

Typically starts in the first year of life, with involvement on the cheeks, chin, and extremities.

After 1st year of life goes to arms and leg creases.

Improves or resolves as the patient grows older.

**because AD is part of an atopic triad that includes asthma and allergic rhinitis, it is important to ask patients and parents whether there is a history of any of these condition in the patient or family.

Treatment: begins with a low-potency (class VI) topical corticosteroid cream twice daily (eg. despise 0.05%) for the limbs and torso, and an over the counter emollient ointment for use on the face. If no improvement, a medium potency Class V cream or ointment (eg. Triamcinolone acetonide 0.1%) will be prescribed for use only on extremities.

Front 3

Atrophy

Back 3

Thinning or depression of the skin often associated with application of a topical or injected steroid.

Front 4

Comedogenic

Back 4

The description of a substance that clogs pores or fosters the formation of precursor acne lesions.

Front 5

Cream

Back 5

A dermatological vehicle; a semi-solid emulsion of oil in water (soluble in water) or water in oil (not water soluble)

Front 6

Dermatopharmacology

Back 6

Is a term that refers to pharmacology as it applies to dermatological conditions.

Medications for skin disorders may be applied topically, injected intralesionally, or administered systemically.

The methods for introducing medication into the body are called routes of drug administration.

Front 7

Dermatophytosis

Back 7

A fungal infection involving the hair, skin, and nails that may be treated systemically.

Front 8

Eczema

Back 8

A skin condition characterized by a pruritic, scaling rash that flares and subsides at intervals

Treated with intralesional injection when poorly responsive to topical therapy.

Injections help to prevent scarring.

Front 9

Emollient

Back 9

A substance that soothes the skin.

The first-line topical agents in maintenance treatment for AD.

Emollient vehicles include lotions, creams, and ointments.

Front 10

Enteral

Back 10

Introduction of a medication into the body through the gastrointestinal tract

Disadvantage of the enteral (specifically, oral dosage forms that pass through the GI tract) route for drugs that are highly metabolized by the liver is the first-pass effect; that is, reduction of the drug’s concentration each time if passes through the liver.

Cost is also a consideration

Front 11

Gel

Back 11

A dermatological vehicle; a transparent, semi-solid, non-greasy emulsion of propylene glycol and water.

One of the common tropical drug formulation

Front 12

Hyperkeratotic

Back 12

Hypertrophy or excess production of the keratin or horny layer of the skin. This causes a rough,m thick, or wart-like texture of the affected skin.

Ie: warts, corns

Front 13

Integumentary system

Back 13

The three layers of skin, the associated glandular structures, plus the mucous membranes, hair, and nails that make up the human body’s largest organ system.

Front 14

Intralesional injections

Back 14

Provide direct delivery of medication to the site of a lesion without eliciting systemic effects.

Steroids are an example of a medication commonly administered via intralesional injection.

Front 15

Keratolytic

Back 15

A substance that softens, loosens, or removes rough, horny, hyperkeratotic skin.

Front 16

Lotion

Back 16

A dermatological vehicle

A clear spray, foam, or free-flowing solution

Front 17

Microcomedone

Back 17

Precursor acne lesions

Front 18

Ointment

Back 18

A dermatological vehicle

A semi-solid grease or oil with little or no water (insoluble in water)

Front 19

Parenteral

Back 19

Introduction of a medication into the body directly into the circulatory system.

One of the systemic routes of drug administration used to treat skin disorders.

Front 20

Pruritic / pruritus

Back 20

Itching

Front 21

Systemic administration

Back 21

Introduction of a medication into the body directly into the circulatory system.

Usually needed when a disease condition affects a large area of the skin, systemic administration of a pharmacological agent is advantageous, as widespread infectious or inflammatory conditions may be difficult to treat with a topical preparation.

Plus, adherence to medication regimens may be enhanced with systemic versus topical medications, particularly in conditions where topical treatment would be prolonged.

Front 22

Vehicle

Back 22

A carrier for a pharmaceutical agent that transports the medication across the skin barrier and into the body.

Topical pharmacological against may be incorporated into various vehicles that will transport the medications across the outer skin barrier to reach the affected site.

Common tropical drug formulations include: lotions, creams, gel, and ointments.