Pharmacology Brs

Front 1

This potent vasodilator, used int he tx of malignant htn, can cause significant postural hypotension

Back 1

Nitroprusside- functions to stimulate Guanyl cyclase with an increase in cGMP within smooth muscle of the vasculature. Prolonged infusion result in Cyanide poisoning due to release of CN-

Front 2

MOA of nitroprusside

Back 2

stimulate guanyl cyclase, with an increase in cGMP, within smooth muscle, causing vasodilation.

Front 3

ADR of nitroprusside

Back 3

Cyanide toxicity

Front 4

Potassium sparing diuretic is an aldosterone antagonist that functions at the collecting tubules

Back 4

Spirinolactone- increases p450 and causes gynecomastia and other androgenic effects

Front 5

Extremely short-actin agent (15-20 seconds) admin IV for the control of atrioventricular(AV) nodal arrythmias

Back 5

Adenosine

Front 6

ADR of adenosine

Back 6

flushing and hypotension are short lived as well and do not limit the use of this agent

Front 7

Used for the tx of CHF, this agent contains two isomers one with nonselective beta blocking and one with alpha1 blocking activity

Back 7

Carvedilol- labetalol has similar properties and has four diasteremomers the RR entiomer is a nonselective Beta blocker and the SR entiomer is and alpha 1 blocker)

Front 8

Bile-acid binding resins used in the management of hyperlipediemia

Back 8

Cholestyramine/colestipol- bind bile acids, preventing enterohepatic recycling, thus diverting hepatic efforts to renew bile acids, instead of producing plasma lipids

Front 9

These agents function to slow conduction velocity by slowing the rate and rise of AP

Back 9

Class 1A Antiarryhythmics (Quinidine/ Procainamide/ Diisopyramide)- these agents help maintain sinoatrial (SA) rhythm after cardioconversion for a-fib, and may cause torsade de pointes arrythmias.

Front 10

ADR of Quinidine

Back 10

may cause cinchonism- headache, vertigo and tinnitus

Front 11

Function to decrease the action potential duration by shortening the repolarization phase

Back 11

Class 1B Antiarrhythmics (lidocaine/ mexiletine/ Tocainide/ phenytoin) - these agents are used for the tx of ventricular arrythmias, as well as for digitoxin-induced arrhythmias

Front 12

Used for the tx of refractory ventricular arrhythmias, as well as for rapid atrial arrythmias associated with Wolff- Parkinson- White syndrome

Back 12

Class 1C antiarrhytmics( flecainide/ propafenone)- function to slow conduction velocity in the atrial and ventricular cells but do not affect the AP. Thye typically are used as a last resort, as their use is associated with drug- induced arrhythmias

Front 13

These agents decrease the automaticity of the pacemaker tissue of the heart, resulting in prolonged atrioventricular and slower HR

Back 13

Class 2 antiarrythmics (propanalol/esmolol) - these beta blockers decrease cAMP levels, resulting in reduced Na+ and Ca2+ currents. These agents are not used in cases of CHF

Front 14

Used for the tx of recurrent ventricular arrhythmias; many of these agents can ppt torsade de pointe arrhythmias

Back 14

Class 3 Antiarrhythmics (sotalol/ibutilide/ bretylium/ amiodarone)- these agents prolong the AP by blocking potassium channels.

Front 15

Used for atrial arrhythmias and nodal re-entry, as well as htn and angina, these agnets inhibit Ca2+ voltage channels.

Back 15

Class IV antiarrhythmics (verapamil. diltiazem)- note nifedipine has a similar MOA, but it is used only for htn and angina; as it as no effect on heart tissue, it is not a class iv agent.

Front 16

Antibiotic associated with the development of psuedomembraneous colitis, due to overgroth of clostridium difficile

Back 16

Clindamycin- a bacteriostatic inhibitor of protein synthesis, methylating the 50s ribosomal subunit, used in the tx of serious anaerobic infections due to bacteroides spp.

Front 17

Potassium- sparing diuretics that do not have anti- androgenic effects

Back 17

Amiloride/ Triamterene- blocks Na channels in the cortical collecting tubules; may cause hyperkalemiic metabolic acidosis)

Front 18

Found in Thick ascending loop of Henle, which potent class of diuretics inhibits the cotransporter Na+/K+/Cl-

Back 18

Furosemide/ Butamide- these sulfa drugs can cause hypercalcemia, ototoxicity, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis; ethacrynic acid is a non-sulfa drug with similar effects

Front 19

What functions early in the distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting NaCl reabsorption.

Back 19

Hydrochlorothiazide

Front 20

ADR of Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 20

major side effects include hypokalemia, alkalosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia