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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the primary agent in oral Program?
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Lufenuron
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What stage of flea control is lufenuron?
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It does NOT kill adult fleas! It interferes with the life cycle by affecting egg production.
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What drug class is Lufenuron?
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it is a benzoylphenylurea derivative, and is classified as an insect development inhibitor.
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Is Lufenuron lipophilic or non-lipophilic?
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It is lipophilic.
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What is the MOA of Lufenuron?
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Lufenuron acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis, polymerizsation and deposition in fleas, thereby preventing eggs from developing into adults. It is believed that lufeneron's nonspecific effect on chitin synthesis is related to serine protease inhibition. Theoretically would also have an effect on fungi.
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What are the contraindications of Lufenuron?
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there are no listed contraindications noted.
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What are the important pharmacokinetics of Lufenuron?
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approximately 40% of an aoral dose is absorbed with the remainder eliminated in the feces. Absorbed in the small intestine and stored in lipose tissue that acts as depot reservoir to slowly redistribute the drug back into the circulation. Cats: injectable drug is apparently not metabolized, but excreted unchanged into the bile and eliminated in the feces.
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What are the adverse effects and warnings of Lufenuron?
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vomiting, lethargy/depression, pruritus/urticaria, diarrhea, dyspnea, anorexia and reddened skin. Infectable can leave a small lump at the injection site.
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What is the primary acting agent of Advantage?
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Imidacloprid!
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What stages of the flea does imidacloprid kill?
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adults and larvae
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What is contraindications of imidacloprid?
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debilitated, aged, pregnant, or nursing animals; kittens or puppies less than 4 months of age
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What are the adverse effects of imidacloprid?
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oral contact may cause salivation do not get product in eyes
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What is the class of imidacloprid?
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It is an insecticidal agent synthesized from the nitromethylene class of compounds.
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What is the MOA of imidacloprid?
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acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postsynatpic membrane causing CNS impairment and death.
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What is the use or indications of imidacloprid?
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indicated for the treatment of adult and larval stage fleas in dogs and cats.
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What is the main pharmacokinetic properties of imidacloprid?
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Manufacturer states that when applied topcially the compound is not absorbed inot the bloodstream or internal rogans.
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Can you use imidacloprid in pregnant animals?
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NO!!
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What are the adverse effects of imidacloprid?
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when used as directed no adverse effects were noted. If oral contact salviation can occur. Do not get the product in eyes.
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What is the primary agent of Interceptor?
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milbemycin oxime
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What is the primary agent of Sentinel?
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milbemycin oxime and lufenuron!
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What is the classification of milbemycin oxime?
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it is a macrolide
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What is the proposed MOA of milbemycin oxime?
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disrupts the transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) in invertebrates.
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What is the use/indications of milbemycin tablets?
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heartworm preventative and for hookworm control. Activity against other parasites, including roundworms (Toxocar canis), Tichuris vulpis, and for demodicosis. In cats, successfull in the prevention of larval infection of D. immitis.
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What is the important pharmacokinetic properties of milbemycin oxime?
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milbemycin is considered effective for at least 45 days after infection by D. immitis larva.
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What are the contraindications/precautions of milbemycin oxime?
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because some dogs with a high number of circulating microfilaria will develop a transient, shock-like syndrome after receiving milbemycin, the manufacturer recommends testing for preexisting heartworm infections.
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What are the adverse effects of milbemycin oxime?
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adverse effects appear to be negligible in microfilaria-free dogs, including collie breeds. At high doses neurologic effects may be more likely particularly in collie-breed dogs with the genetic mutation that effects P-glycoprotein.
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What is the active ingredient of Epi-Otic Cleanser with Spherulites (Virbac)?
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Lactic acid, salicylic acid
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What is the use/indications of azathioprine?
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it is used for a variety of autoimmune diseases
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what is the classification of azathioprine?
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It is a purine antagonist antimetabolite that is used primarily for its immunosuppressive properties.
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What is the proposed MOA of azathioprine?
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the exact mechanism on immunosuppressive actions has not been determined it is probably dependent on several factors. azathioprine antagonizes purine metabolism thereby inhibiting RNA, DNA synthesis and mitosis. It also may cause chromosome breaks secondary to incorporation into nucleic acids and cellular metabolism may become disrupted by the drugs ability to inhibit coenzyme formation.
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What are the uses/indications of azathioprine?
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used primarily as an immunosuppresive agent in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases in dogs.
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What are the precautions or contraindications of azathioprine?
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liver disease, very toxic to bone marrow in cats (however sometimes used to treat feline autoimmune skin disease)
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What are the highlighted pharmocokinetic properties of azathioprine?
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absorbed from the GI and is rapidly metabolized to mercaptopurine that is then further metabolized to several other compounds. Metabolites are excreted by the kidnesy.
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What are the adverse effects of azathioprine?
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principal effect associated with azathioprine is bone marrow suppression. Cats are more prone to develop these effects and the durg is generally not recommended for use in that species. Leukopenia, anemias and thrombocytopenia may aslo be seen. GI upset, poor hair growth, acute pancreatitis and hepatotoxicity. Depresses the immune system, animals may be susceptible to infections or neoplastic illnesses (long-term use)
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What is chlorhexidine?
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It is a chemical antiseptic. It kills both gram-positive and gram-negative microbes, althoguh it is less effective with some gram-negative microbes. It is alos bacteriostatic.
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what is the MOA of chlorhexidine?
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It acts via membrane disruption and not ATPase inactivation as previously thought.
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What is the MOA of Moxidectin?
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The primary MOA of avermectins like moxidectin is to affect chloride ion channel activity in the nervous system of nematodes and arthropods. The drug binds to receptors that increase membrane permeability to chloride ions. This inhibitis the electrical activity of nerve cells in nematodes and muscle cells in arthropods and causes paralysis and death of the parasites. Also enhance the release of GABA at presynaptic neurons. GABA acts as an inhibitopry neurotransmitter and blocks the post-synatpic stimulation of the adjacent neuron in nematodes or the muscle fiber in arthropods.
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What is the use/indication of Moxidectin in equine?
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In horses and ponies it is indicated for the treatment and control of the following stages of GI parasites: large strongyles: S. vulgaris (adults and L4L5 arterial stages); S. edentatus (adults and tissue stages); Triodontophorus (adults); small strongyles, ascarids, pinworms etc.
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What are the contraindications/ precautions for Moxidectin?
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Not for horses intended for food purposes and is not labeled for use in foals younger than 4 months of age.
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