Pharmacology Block 3

Front 1

Classification of atropine?

Back 1

Cholinergic (ANS) blocking agent

Front 2

Atropine's MOA?

Back 2

Acts by competitive inhibition (antagonism) of AcH at the postganglionic axon in the parasympathetic nervous system. Blocks action & binding of AcH at muscarinic receptors of effector cells.

Front 3

What is atropine used for?

Back 3

Tx of diarrhea and vomiting by decreasing GI motility, preanesthetic to dry secretions and prevent bradycardia, pupil dilation to aid for ophthalmic exam, relieve ciliary spasm of eye

Front 4

Other name for polyflex?

Back 4

Ampicillin

Front 5

Class of polyflex?

Back 5

Beta lactam antibiotic, Aminopenicillin

Front 6

MOA of polyflex?

Back 6

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, bactericidal

Front 7

Class of Naxcel?

Back 7

3rd generation cephalosporin

Front 8

What species can be treated with Naxcel?

Back 8

Cattle and swine

Front 9

MOA of Naxcel?

Back 9

Inhibits cell wall synthesis,
bactericidal,
works against gram- and gram+ bacteria,
time-dependent antibiotic

Front 10

What is tetanus antitoxin derived from?

Back 10

Prepared from the blood of horses hyperimmunized with Clostridium tetani toxoid

Front 11

Prednisone's drug class?

Back 11

Glucocorticoid

Front 12

Prednisone's MOA?

Back 12

GC receptor agonist,
Prednisone is metabolized to bioactive prednisolone, which then crosses cell membranes and binds specific cytoplasmic receptors. Results in inhibition of steroid hormone action/affects on target tissues.

Front 13

What is Mestinon?

Back 13

Pyridostigmine bromide

Front 14

Mestinon's drug class?

Back 14

Anticholinesterase (cholinesterase inhibitor)
Muscle relaxant antagonists

Front 15

Mestinon's MOA?

Back 15

Inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by cholinesterases. AcH accumulates and its action is prolonged.

Front 16

What are the indications of Mestinon?

Back 16

Tx of myasthenia gravis, prophylaxis of organophosphate poisoning

Front 17

Hydromorphone's drug class?

Back 17

Opioid analgesic (anesthetic adjunct)

Front 18

Hydromorphone's MOA?

Back 18

Binds to G protein-coupled opioid receptors located in the brain & spinal cord regions involved in transmission and modulation of pain. Interaction w/G protein-coupled receptors affectes ion channel gating, calcium disposition, and protein phosphorylation.

Front 19

Acepromazine's drug class?

Back 19

Phenothiazine derivative (psychotropic drug/antipsychotic agen)
Tranquilizer

Front 20

Acepromazine's MOA?

Back 20

Acts w/in CNS to inhibit dopamine & serotonin receptors w/in basal ganglia, limbic system, RAS, hypothalamus, and brainstem

Front 21

Acepromazine's indications?

Back 21

Sedation
Antiadrenergic
Anticholinergic
Antihistaminic
Antidopaminergic
Antiemetic

Front 22

Acepromazine's contraindications?

Back 22

Lowers seizure threshold.
May paralyze penis in horses.

Front 23

Propofol's drug class?

Back 23

Anesthetic (injectable)

Front 24

Propofol's MOA?

Back 24

CNS depression by enhancing GABA activity in the brain and decreasing cerebral metabolic rate through GABA-A receptors. Modulates the inhibitory function.

Front 25

Glycopyrrolate's drug class?

Back 25

Antimuscarinic (cholinergic antagonist)
Anticholinergic agent

Front 26

Glycopyrrolate's MOA?

Back 26

Binds competitively to muscarinic AcH receptors. Binding inhibits AcH action on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves and on smooth muscles that respond to AcH but lack cholinergic innervation.

Front 27

Glycopyrrolate's indications?

Back 27

Preoperative antimuscarinic to reduce salivary, tracheobronchial, and pharyngeal secretions, to reduce the volume & free acidity of gastric secretions and to block cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during induction of anesthesia and intubation

Front 28

Cefazolin's drug class?

Back 28

Cephalosporin (1st generation), broad-spectrum antibiotic

Front 29

Cefazolin's MOA?

Back 29

Binds to active site of PBP;
inhibits bacterial growth by interfering with the transpeptidation reaction of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Front 30

Compare generations of Cephalosporins

Back 30

1- gram+ cocci
2- gram+ cocci & gram-
3- more gram- & can cross blood-brain barrier
4- more resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases

Front 31

Name for hetastarch?

Back 31

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)

Front 32

Hetastarch's drug class?

Back 32

Synthetic colloid (volume expander)

Front 33

Clavamox's scientific name?

Back 33

Amoxillin/clavulanic acid

Front 34

Other brand name for Clavamox?

Back 34

Augmentin

Front 35

Clavamox's drug class?

Back 35

Beta lactam aminopenicillin (time-dependent bacteriacidal)

Front 36

Clavamox's MOA?

Back 36

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis through binding to transpepsidase.
Clavulanic acids binds competitively and irreversibly to beta lactamases.

Front 37

Other name for diazepam?

Back 37

Valium

Front 38

Diazepam's drug class?

Back 38

Benzodiazepine
Spamolytic drug
Skeletal relaxant w/ sedative properties
Sedative-hypnotic drug

Front 39

Diazepam's MOA?

Back 39

Facilitate GABA action at GABA-A receptors; enhances membrane hyperpolarization

Front 40

Diazepam's indications?

Back 40

Sedative, hypnotic, anesthesia adjunct

Front 41

Isoflurane's drug class?

Back 41

Inhalational anesthetic
Skeletal muscle relaxant (neuromuscular blocking drug)

Front 42

Isoflurane's MOA?

Back 42

Facilitates GABA-mediated inhibition of GABA-A receptor sites

Front 43

Fentanyl's drug class?

Back 43

Opiod agonist/analgesic
Phenylpiperidine

Front 44

Fentanyl's MOA?

Back 44

Binds specific G protein-coupled receptors located in the brain and spinal cord regions involved in the transmission and modulation of pain

Front 45

Fentanyl's indications?

Back 45

Moderate to severe intra-operative pain
Analgesioa, sedation
75-125X as potent as morphine

Front 46

Pyrantel pamoate's drug class?

Back 46

Antiparasitic, tetrahydropyrimidine, endoparasiticide

Front 47

Pyrantel pamoate's MOA?

Back 47

Interferes w/ parasitic nerve transmission as cholinergic stimulants, leading to neuromuscular spastic paralysis. Acts as a depolarizing, neuromuscular-blocking agent.

Front 48

Pyrantel pamoate's indications?

Back 48

Roundworms (nematodes) - adult and larvae

Front 49

Other name for Droncit?

Back 49

Praziquantel

Front 50

Droncit's drug class?

Back 50

Cestocide

Front 51

Droncit's drug class?

Back 51

Cestocide

Front 52

Droncit's MOA?

Back 52

Induces calcium influx across the parasite tegument causing immediate muscular spasm

Front 53

Droncit's indications?

Back 53

Effective against all tapeworms (cestode)

Front 54

Methazolamide's drug class?

Back 54

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Front 55

Methazolamide's MOA?

Back 55

Decreases aqueous humor production by reducing synthesis of bicarbonate in the ciliary body

Front 56

Methazolamide's indications?

Back 56

Used in reduction of aqueous humor formation to decrease intraocular pressure

Front 57

Dorzolamide HCL's drug class?

Back 57

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Front 58

Dorzolamide HCL's MOA?

Back 58

Inhibition of enzyme prevents of H2CO3 and hydration of CO2

Front 59

Indication of dorzolamide HCL?

Back 59

Reduces IOP

Front 60

Enrofloxacin's drug class?

Back 60

Fluoroquinolone
Antimicrobial
Bacteriacidal

Front 61

Enrofloxacin's MOA?

Back 61

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase, which is an enzyme important to bacterial DNA replication

Front 62

Enrofloxacin's indications?

Back 62

Broad gram-negative spectrum

Front 63

Which drugs make up Panalog?

Back 63

Nystatin, neomycin sulfate, thiostreptin, triamcinolone acetonide

Front 64

Panalog's drug class?

Back 64

Topical antibacterial

Front 65

Panalog's MOA?

Back 65

Nystatin: fungistatic
Neomycin: aminoglycoside bacteriacidal antibiotic, active against gram neg & some gram pos.
Triamcinolone acetonide: GC
Thiostreptin: antimicrobial, highly active against gram pos.

Front 66

Panalog's indications?

Back 66

Anti-inflammatory
Antipuritic
Antifungal
Antibacterial

Front 67

Selamectin's brand name?

Back 67

Revolution

Front 68

Selamectin's drug class?

Back 68

Semi-synthetic avermectin

Front 69

Selamectin's MOA?

Back 69

Binds to glutamate gated Cl channels in parasite's nervous system, causing them to remain open. This leads to hyperpolarization of cell, which blocks neurotransmission.

Front 70

Selamectin's indications?

Back 70

Endoparasites, GI roundworms, heartworm prophylaxis, ectoparasites

Front 71

What are the active ingredients in Frontline?

Back 71

Fipronil and (s)-methoprene

Front 72

Fipronil's drug class?

Back 72

Phenylpyrazole

Front 73

Fipronil's MOA?

Back 73

Blocks the action of neurotransmitter GABA-regulated Cl channels by binding to GABA receptor. Results in excitation of nervous system.

Front 74

Fipronil's indications?

Back 74

Control of fleas and ticks in dogs and cats

Front 75

(s)-methoprene's drug class?

Back 75

Insect growth regulator and juvenile hormone analog

Front 76

What is (s)-methoprene's MOA?

Back 76

Mimics the activity of naturally-occurring juvenile hormones; prevents metamorphosis to the adult stage by arresting larval development

Front 77

(s)-methoprene's indications?

Back 77

Used to combat fleas in dogs and cats

Front 78

What are the active ingredients in Heartguard?

Back 78

Ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate

Front 79

Ivermectin's drug class?

Back 79

Avermectin

Front 80

Ivermectin's MOA?

Back 80

Binds to glutamate gated Cl channels in parasite's nervous system, causing them to stay open. This leads to hyperpolarization of cell, which blocks neurotransmission.

Front 81

Ivermectin's indications?

Back 81

Endoparasites, GI roundworms, heartworm prophylaxis, ectoparasites

Front 82

What is PZ insulin?

Back 82

Protamine Zinc Insulin (long-acting hormone)

Front 83

PZI's MOA?

Back 83

Insulin binds to insulin receptor, which stimulates tyrosine kinase activity. Autophosphorylation follows. Activated IRS lead to activation of signaling molecules.

Front 84

What is Acarexx otic suspension composed of?

Back 84

Ethyl alcohol and 0.01% Ivermectin