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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Require therapeutic drug monitoring
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Aminoglycosides
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The higher the concentration, the more effective they are
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Aminoglycosides
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What class of medicine is an Aminoglycoside?
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Antibiotics
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Often used in combination with beta-lactam antibiotics
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Aminoglycoside
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Are aminoglycosides containdicated in Pregancy?
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Yes
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Time of 1st dose administered schedules the rest of the doses
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Aminoglycoside
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Can have effect on the inner ear and have an adverse effect of nasea and vomiting
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Aminoglycoside
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Need peak and trough, and an increase of 3000ml of fluid per day
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Aminoglycoside
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Increased nephrotoxicity with vancomycin, cyclosporine and amphotericin B
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Aminoglycoside
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Are aminoglycosides bactericidal or bateriostatic
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Bacteriocidal
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Are Quinolones bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
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bacteriocidal
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what is the black box warning of levaquin (quinolones)
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prone to tendon issues that become weak
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Adverse effects of dysrhythmias, tendonitis/tendon rupture, and seizures
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quinolones
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must give 1-2 hours (after breakfast) proir to oral interactions such as antacids, zin, iron, sulcralfate, calcium/mag
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quinolones
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alkaline foods and fluids increase chances of crytalluria
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quinolones
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Increase fluids high in ascorbic acid helps decrease
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crystalluria
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what antibiotic should never be given by IV
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clindamycin
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this IV antibiotic comes in a dark bag and is protected by from the light
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Linezolid
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Need to access peak and trough, and can never adjust the time for administration
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vancomycin
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killing of the bacteria
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bacteriocidal
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does not allow bacteria to replicate and keeps infection contained
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bacteriostatic
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how long does it usually take for an allergic reactions to occur with antibiotic? And how long can a delayed reaction take?
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15-20 minutes. a delayed reaction can take up to 48 hours.
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what class of meds are sulfonamides
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beta-lactam antibiotics
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What is the most common antibiotic used for MRSA
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sulfonamides
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What is one of the oldest forms of antibiotics
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sulfonamides
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what age group is contraindicated for the use of sulfonamides?
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children under 2 months
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May have contraindications against sulfoneureas, but is not an absoulte exclusion
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sulfonamides
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Is a sulfonamide bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal?
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bacteriostatic
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May have an adverse effect of a rash like scalding skin sydrome
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sulfonamide
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Reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives
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antibiotics
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Should be taken with food and increased liquid consumption up to 2-3 liters per day
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sulfonamides
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Are penicillins bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic?
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bacteriocidal
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Often require combination with bet-lactamase inhibitors
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penicillins
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What is the 1st line of offense if you see signs of anaphylaxis?
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benedryl
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4-15/1000 patients show anaphylaxis to what medication?
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penicillins
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Usually medicinal induced, when cell death causes the epidermis to seperate from the dermis
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Steven Johnson syndrome
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Avoid caffeine, citrus fruit/juices, colas, tomato juice when taking this medication
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penicillin
(has to do with the ph level and can make less effective) |
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a drug that is strongly related to penicillin and has identical interactions and adverse reactions
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Cephalosporins
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a bacteriocidal med used for body cavity /connective tissue infections, cross sensitivity with penicillins
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carbapenems
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An antibiotic that does not produce antibiotic induced diarrhea
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monobactams
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what antibiotic is used for upper/lower respiratory infections
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macrolides
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metabolized in the liver and possible competition for cytochrome p-450
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macrolides
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may toxify the effects of digoxin, theophylline, and warfarin due because of delay of being metabolized
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macrolide
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Contraindicated in children under 8 because of bone structure, and teeth discoloration
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tetracylcines
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Can't give with medications containing metals, dairy products, iron supplements, antacids
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tetracyclines
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flora modifiers
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probiotics
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anticholinergics/opiates can be used as
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antidiarrheals
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increases bleeding when adminstered with aspirin and other NSAIDS
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pepto bismol
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how do adsorbents have an effect on warfarin?
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impacts vitamin K
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may decrease absorbtion/effect of medications
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adsorbents (cause the meds may bind to the adsorbant)
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pepto-bismol must be used with extreme caution in pediatric patients for what reason
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reyes syndrome (has aspirin)
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slows bowel motility, and supresses parasympathetic system
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anticholinergics
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used in severe cases and slows bowel motility
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opiates
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what class is imodium and loperamide that is OTC
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opiates
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Treatsw antibiotic induced diarrhea and reestablishes normal bowel flroa
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intestinal flora modifiers
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used for constipation and has effect in 24-36 hours
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laxatives
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high incidence of abuse with geriatric patients
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laxatives
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laxative type that may be used long term
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bulk forming
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causes bowel distention which triggers the reflex bowel activity
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bulk forming laxatives
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helps absorb water and increases bulk
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bulk forming laxatives
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lubricate the fecal mass and the intestinal wall
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emollient laxatives
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decreases water absorption through the intestines
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emollient laxatives
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softents and expands stool, which triggers reflex action
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emollient laxatives
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most commonly used to treat constipation and as prep for diagnostic procedures
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hyperosmotic laxatives
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increases water content of feces in the colon
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hyperosmotic laxatives
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increases osmotic pressure in small intestines
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saline laxatives
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sodium or magnesium based and works in 3-6 hours
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saline laxatives
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what type of laxatives are dulcolax and senna
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stimulant laxatives
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stimulate insulin production from the pancreas
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sulfonyluresas and meglitinides
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sulfonylureas and glinides can cause weight gain and ___?
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hypoglycemia
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may decrease the release of glucagon
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sulfonylureas
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in order for slufonylureas to e effective, what must be present?
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functioning beta cells
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not effective with insulin dependent diabetes
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sulfonyluresas
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what is the potential cross allergy with sulfonamides
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sulfonylureas
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similar actions to sulfonylureas, but with shorter duration of action.
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glinides
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cannot be combined with sulfonylureas
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glinides
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very effective for patients with high postproandial glucose levels (after a meal)
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glinides
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