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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrochlorothiazide
(Esidrix) |
DC: Antihypertensive Diuretic
Route: MOA: Inhibits NaCl reabsorption @ DCT, Works on 5% of water and Na+ reabsorption Uses: Reduce mild hypertension, used in connection with other drugs for sever hypertension CI: SE: Hypokalemia, Gout, Hypercalcima Note: Most common thiazide |
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Furosemide
(Lasix) |
DC: Antihypertensive Loop Diuretic
Route: MOA: Acts on ascending limb of Loop of Henle, Acts on 25% of the Na+ and water Uses: Best use for CHF and edema to help remove excess water CI: SE: Hypokalemia, Hypocalcimia, Hyponatremia, Metabolic alkalosis Note: Most effective for getting rid of water, #1 for edema |
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Spironolactone
(Aldactone) |
DC: K+ sparing diuretics
Route: MOA: Aldosterone antagonist Uses: Used in conjunction with diuretics to prevent hypokalemia in hypertension CI: SE: Gynocomastia, Hyperkalemia Note: Add to thiazide use |
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Propranolol
(Inderal) |
DC: Non-selective Beta-Blocker
Route: MOA: Blockade of cardiac effects to reduce HR and contractility, Blocks renin release to decrease volume Uses: Antihypertensiion and other cardiac issues (MI, Arrythmia), Glaucoma CI: Asthma, COPD, Diabetes SE: Bronchoconstriction, Sexual dysfunction Note: |
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Atenolol
(Tenomin) |
DC: B1 Selective Adrenergic Blocker
Route: MOA: Blockage of B1 adrenoreceptor located chiefly in cardiac muscles, Reduction of sympathetic outflow and renin activity, Reduction in rate and force of cardiac muscle Uses: Anti-hypertension and other cardiac issues CI: Asthma & COPD, Abrupt discontinuation (rebound BP and HR) SE: Hypotension, Bradycardia, Fatigue, Decreased libido, Sexual function Note: Hypoglycemic attacks in diabetics because blockers mask symptoms |
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Enalapril
(Vasotec) |
DC: ACE inhibitor (longer 1/2 life)
Route: MOA: Prevents formation of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin by inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Uses: Antihypertensive and indicated in patients w/ co-existing diabetes (slows progression of diabetic nephropathy) CI: Bilateral renal stenosis, Pregnancy SE: Cough, FETOTOXICITY, Angioedema Note: |
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Captopril
(Capoten) |
DC: ACE Inhibitor (shorter 1/2 life)
Route: MOA: Prevents formation of angiotensin II and breakdown of bradykinin by inhibiting Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Uses: Antihypertensive and indicated in patients w/ co-existing diabetes (slows progression of diabetic nephropathy) CI: Bilateral renal stenosis, Pregnancy SE: Cough, FETOTOXICITY, Angioedema Note: |
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Valsartan
(Diovan) |
DC: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Route: MOA: Blockage of ATII receptors, Inhibition of aldosterone secretion, Vasodilation and decreased TPR Uses: Effective for mild hypertension, No effect on bradykinin metabolism, Indicated in heart failure and diabetic nephropathy CI: Pregnancy, Hyperkalemia SE: Hypotension, Dizziness Note: |
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Lossartan
(Cozaar) |
DC: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Route: MOA: Blockage of ATII receptors, Inhibition of aldosterone secretion, Vasodilation and decreased TPR Uses: Effective for mild hypertension, No effect on bradykinin metabolism, Indicated in heart failure and diabetic nephropathy CI: Pregnancy, Hyperkalemia SE: Hypotension, Dizziness Note: |
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Nifedipine
(Adalat) |
DC: Calcium Channel Blockers (short 1/2 life) HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
Route: MOA: Inhibition of Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth cells causing decrease vascular tone causing decreased TPR, Negative inotropic effect Uses: Anti-HTN & patients w/ angina, diabetes, PAD, asthma CI: SE: palpatations, dizziness, headache, CONSTIPATION, peripheral edema Note: Short 1/2 life so sustained release formula is preferred |
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Verapamil
(Isoptin) |
DC: Calcium Channel Blockers (short 1/2 life) HIGHLY EFFECTIVE
Route: MOA: Inhibition of Ca2+ influx into vascular smooth cells causing decrease vascular tone causing decreased TPR, Negative inotropic effect Uses: Anti-HTN & patients w/ angina, diabetes, PAD, asthma CI: SE: palpatations, dizziness, headache, CONSTIPATION, peripheral edema Note: Short 1/2 life so sustained release formula is preferred |
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Prazosin
(Minipress) |
DC: Alpha1 Adrenergic Antagonist
Route: MOA: Inhibition of ALPHA receptors in vessels of skin, mucosa, intestine, and kidney causing vasodilation Uses: Anti-HTN (mild to moderate) along w/ diuretic & BETA adrenergic antagonist CI: SE: 1st dose phenomenon, Orthostatic hypotension, Tachycardia Note: Known as Syn-drug because of use for anti-HTN and symptomatic relief of BPH |
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Labetalol
(Trandate) |
DC: ALPHA 1 and BETA Adrenergic Antagonist
Route: MOA: Reduces HR and contractility (B-Blocker) and vasodilation & decreases TPR (a-blocker), reduces effects of catecholamines Uses: HTN emergencies and pheochromocytoma CI: SE: Note: |
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Carvedilol
(Coreg) |
DC: ALPHA 1 and BETA Adrenergic Antagonist
Route: MOA: Reduces HR and contractility (B-Blocker) and vasodilation & decreases TPR (a-blocker), reduces effects of catecholamines Uses: HTN emergencies and pheochromocytoma CI: SE: Note: |
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Hydralazine
(Alazine) |
DC: Direct Acting Smooth Muscle Relaxant
Route: MOA: Causes immediate smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of TPR Uses: Anti-HTN along with diuretic to avoid Na+ and water retention (for resistant HTN patients) CI: SE: Reflex tachycardia, Orthostatic Hypotension Note: Approved for pregnancy |
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Sodium Nitroprusside
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DC: Direct Acting Smooth Muscle Relaxant (Rapid onset, Gone fast)
Route: MOA: Causes immediate smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of TPR through release of NO Uses: Anti-HTN along with diuretic to avoid Na+ and water retention (for HTN patients) CI: Renal compromised patients SE: Orthostatic hypotension, Reflex Tachycardia, Cyanide poisoning Note: Makes cyanide in 1st pass elimination, do NOT use on renal compromised patients |
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Clonidie
(Catapres) |
DC: ALPHA 2 Selective Agonist, Central Acting Sympathomimetic
Route: MOA: Acts on ALPHA 2 receptors to slow contraction and decreased TPR Uses: Anti-HTN w/ diuretic, Addiction withdrawl preparation CI: SE: Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Constipation Note: Crosses BBB, Transdermal to decrease CNS effects |
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Methyl-Dopa
(Aldomet) |
DC: ALPHA 2 Selective Agonist, Centrally Acting Sympathomimetics
Route: MOA: Activates presynaptic inhibitory ALPHA adrenoceptors and postsynaptic ALPHA 2 receptors in CNS, Reduces sympathetic outflow and TPR Uses: Anti-HTN CI: SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth, Sexual dysfunction Note: Approved for Pregnancy |
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Hydralazine
(Alazine) |
DC: Direct Acting Smooth Muscle Relaxant
Route: MOA: Causes immediate smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of TPR Uses: Anti-HTN along with diuretic to avoid Na+ and water retention (for resistant HTN patients) CI: SE: Reflex tachycardia, Orthostatic Hypotension Note: Approved for pregnancy |
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Sodium Nitroprusside
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DC: Direct Acting Smooth Muscle Relaxant (Rapid onset, Gone fast)
Route: MOA: Causes immediate smooth muscle relaxation and reduction of TPR through release of NO Uses: Anti-HTN along with diuretic to avoid Na+ and water retention (for HTN patients) CI: Renal compromised patients SE: Orthostatic hypotension, Reflex Tachycardia, Cyanide poisoning Note: Makes cyanide in 1st pass elimination, do NOT use on renal compromised patients |
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Clonidie
(Catapres) |
DC: ALPHA 2 Selective Agonist, Central Acting Sympathomimetic
Route: MOA: Acts on ALPHA 2 receptors to slow contraction and decreased TPR Uses: Anti-HTN w/ diuretic, Addiction withdrawl preparation CI: SE: Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Constipation Note: Crosses BBB, Transdermal to decrease CNS effects |
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Methyl-Dopa
(Aldomet) |
DC: ALPHA 2 Selective Agonist, Centrally Acting Sympathomimetics
Route: MOA: Activates presynaptic inhibitory ALPHA adrenoceptors and postsynaptic ALPHA 2 receptors in CNS, Reduces sympathetic outflow and TPR Uses: Anti-HTN CI: SE: Drowsiness, Dry mouth, Sexual dysfunction Note: Approved for Pregnancy |
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Hypertensive Emergency
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Dx: Highly elevated BP (>180/120) associated with acute or immediately progressing target organ injury
Tx: Sodium Nitroprusside, Enalaprilat |
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Hypertensive Urgency
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Dx: Highly elevated BP (>180/120) not associated with acute or immediately progressing target organ injury
Tx: Increase dose of current medication, Addition of new anti-hypertensive agent, Acute administration of short acting oral agent (Captopril (ACE inhibitor) 1 dose/hr) |
