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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 classes of diuretics?
Where do each of them act? |
1. Thiazides (hydrochlorothiazide): acts in the DCT
2. Loop diuretics (furosemide (lasix)): works in the loop of Henle. 3. K+ sparing agents (amiloride, triamterene, spironolactone): work in the collecting duct. |
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What are 3 dental considerations when talking about diuretics?
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1. gingival bleeding
2. increased incidence of infection 3. xerostomia |
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What do you call drugs targeting the sympathetic nervous system used to treat hypertension?
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Sympatholytic agents.
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What do beta blockers do?
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Decrease cardiac output.
Excess afterload. Help reduce tachycardia. Help with damage after a MI. |
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What do alpha 1 blockers do?
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Peripheral relaxation of arterial and venous smooth muscles.
Lowers b.p. No effect on heart or kidneys. |
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Name 3 examples of beta-blockers.
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1. Propranolol
2. Metoprolol 3. Carvedilol |
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Name 2 examples of alpha-1-blockers.
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1. Prazosin
2. Terazosin |
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What do direct vasodilators do?
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Decrease peripheral resistance by relaxing smooth muscle.
However, they also increase heart rate and cardiac output. |
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Name 2 examples of direct vasodilators.
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1. Hydralzine
2. Minoxidil |
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What do calcium channel blockers do?
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Lessen muscle contraction by blocking calcium channels.
Slows AV node conductance. |
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Name 3 examples of calcium channel blockers.
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1. Verapamil
2. Diltiazem 3. Nifedipine |
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Name 2 examples of ACE inhibitors.
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1. Captopril
2. Enalapril |
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How do ACE inhibitors work?
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Inhibiting the enzyme by cutting between amino acids.
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How do Angiotensin II-receptor antagonists work?
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They bind to AT2 receptors (also to AT1 receptors).
Not selective. |
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How do alpha-2-adrenergic agonists work?
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They lower arterial pressure by mediating vasodilation in the periphery.
Not very useful in hypertension because they are not selective for a2s over a1s or bs. |
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What is the recommended order of drug types to try with hypertensive patients?
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1. Diuretics
2. b-blockers 3. ACE inhibitor 4. Ca channel blocker |
