Pharmacology Antifungal, Antiparasite, Immunosuppression, Antineoplastic Drugs

Front 1

Trastuzumab
(mAb)

Back 1

immunosuppressive agent
recombinant mAb that binds epidermal growth factor receptor and down regulates it
Clinical use: Breast cancer HER-2/neu

Front 2

Rituximab (mAb)

Back 2

murine mAb that binds CD20 on B-cells and activates complement mediated lysis, ADCC, and apoptosis

Front 3

Clinical use of Rituximab (mAb)

Back 3

RX of:
Follicular B-cell lymphoma
Non-hodgkins lymphoma

Front 4

Daclizumab

Back 4

Binds CD25 and functions as IL-2 antagonist and suppresses lymphocytic activation

Front 5

Clinical use of Daclizumab

Back 5

Organ transplants in comb with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine

Front 6

Basiliximab

Back 6

binds CD25 and functions as an IL-2 antagonist and suppresses lymphocytic activation
has higher affinity than Daclizumab

Front 7

Palivisumab

Back 7

binds fusion protein of RSV
Prevents infection of the cell

Front 8

clinical use of Palivisumab

Back 8

rx of neonates at risk for RSV

Front 9

Abatacept

Back 9

selective co-stimulation modulator
Binds CD80 and CD86 (on APC) blocking interaction with CD28 (T-cell) and leads to inhibition of autoimmune T-cell activation

Front 10

Clinical use of Abatacept

Back 10

Rheumatoid arthritis

Front 11

Prednisone

Back 11

Glucocorticoid
Interferes with cell cycle activated lymphoid cells, inhibits production of pro-inflammatory mediators and inhibits leukocyte chemotaxis

Front 12

Clinical use of Prednisone

Back 12

Immunosuppressive agent

Front 13

Cyclosporine

Back 13

immunosuppressive fat soluble peptide antibiotic
Binds cyclophilin and inhibits calcineurin and inhibits synthesis of IL-

Front 14

clinical use of Cyclosporine

Back 14

prevents tissue rejection following transplant

Front 15

Tacrolimus

Back 15

immunosuppressive agent
similar to cyclosporine except complexes with FK binding proteins
- Use in Organ transplants

Front 16

Sirolimus

Back 16

immunosuppressive agent
- binds immunophilin-FK-BP
- inhibits mTOR > prevents cell cycle progression G1>S
- inhibits lymphocyte proliferation
Clinical use: organ transplants

Front 17

Interferons

Back 17

immunosuppressive agents
- inhibits cell proliferation and active NK cells

Front 18

Clinical use of Interferons

Back 18

Melanoma
renal cell carcinoma
CML

Front 19

alpha-interferon clinical use

Back 19

anti-viral HBV & HCV

Front 20

beta-interferon clinical use

Back 20

treat MS

Front 21

Azathioprine

Back 21

derivative of mercaptopurine
- anti-metabolite that inhibits de novo protein synthesis
Adverse effects: myeloid suppression

Front 22

Mycophenolate mofetil

Back 22

derivative of mercaptopurine
- Hydrolyzed in GI tract to mycophrnolic acid
- reversible inhibition of inosine monophosphatase dehydrogenase
- no formation of guanosine phosphate
- lymphocyte lack purine salvage pathway

Front 23

Clinical use of Mycophenolate mofetil

Back 23

replacing azathiroprine due to increased safety and efficacy in prolonging graft survival

Front 24

mechanism of action of Alkylating agents

Back 24

transfer alkyl group to various tumor cell targets
replicating cells are most susceptible
primarily N7 position on guanine within DNA

Front 25

Resistance of Alkylating agents in the treatment of neoplasms

Back 25

increased DNA repair
Increased Glutathione production
Decreased permeability of drug

Front 26

Cyclophosphamide

Back 26

alkylating agent
-Bischlorethylamine
- converts to active metabolite by P450 system in the liver
- Non-enzymatic conversion to additional cytotoxic forms in non-hepatic tissue

Front 27

Toxicity of cyclophosphamide

Back 27

hemorrhagic cystitis

Front 28

Carmustine

Back 28

alkylating agent
- Nitrosurea
- non-resistance with other alkylating agents
- non-enzymatic conversion to active form
- highly lipid soluble > crosses BBB

Front 29

Procarbazine

Back 29

methylhydrazine derivative
- inhibits DNA, RNA, and protein via alkylation
- Azoprocabazine + H2O2 generated during metabolism > DNA strand breaks

Front 30

Cisplatin

Back 30

inorganic platinum complex
cross links DNA via interaction at N7 guanine
toxicity: aggressive IV hydration needed to reduce nephrotoxicity

Front 31

Carboplatin

Back 31

2nd generation Inorganic platinum complex
cross links DNA via interaction of N7 guanine
- less renal toxicity than Cisplatin

Front 32

Oxaliplatin

Back 32

3rd generation inorganic platinum complex
- cross links DNA via interaction of N7 guanine
- cells resistant to Cisplatin and Carboplatin NOT resistant to this drug

Front 33

Methotrexate

Back 33

folic acid antagonist
inhibitor of DNA synthesis and integrity
- binds catalytic site of DHF-reductase
- interferes with DNA, RNA, protein synthesis
- Polyglutamate of MTX retained within the tumor cells
-NON-cell cycle dependent

Front 34

resistance to MTX occurs because?

Back 34

decreased drug transport
decreased polyglutamate formation
increased DHFR-synthesis
Decreased affinity of DHFR for MTX

Front 35

Mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Back 35

purine antagonist
- inhibitor of DNA synthesis and integrity
- Metabolized by HGPRT to nucleoside form
- inhibits several enzymes in purine metabolism pathways
- NON-cell cycle dependent

Front 36

Toxicity of Mercaptopurine

Back 36

hyperuricemia due to tumor cell lysis
rx with allopurinol to prevent nephrotoxicity and gout
requires decreased 6-MP does

Front 37

drug resistance to Mercaptopurine

Back 37

drug resistance due to decreased HGPRT activity

Front 38

Cladribine

Back 38

purine antagonist
inhibitor of DNA synthesis and integrity
non-cell cycle dependent

Front 39

resistance to Cladribine due to?

Back 39

resistance due to adenosine deaminase (high cellular concentration)

Front 40

Flurouracil MOA

Back 40

Pyrimidine antagonist
- Fdump: forms complex with thimydilate synthase > NO thymidilate > NO DNA synthesis
FUTP: incorporated into RNA and interferes with RNA processing and mRNA translation
FdUTP: incorporated into DNA & inhibits synthesis

Front 41

clinical use of Flurouracil

Back 41

Colorectal cancer

Front 42

Capecitabine

Back 42

pyrimidine antagonist
- Fluropyrimidine carbamate prodrug
- converted to Flurouracil in the tumor by thymidine phosphorylase

Front 43

clinical use of Capecitabine

Back 43

metastatic breast cancer

Front 44

Cytarabine

Back 44

pyrimidine antagonist
cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C)
- metabolized to active triphosphate nucleoside
- S PHASE Specific metabolite
- Competitively inhibits DNA polymerase > incorporates with DNA/RNA > interfering with chain elongation

Front 45

Clinical use of Cytarabine

Back 45

Acute Myelogenous leukemia
- highly schedule dependent

Front 46

Vinblastine

Back 46

plant alkaloid derivative of periwinkle
- depolymerize microtubule by binding tubulin > assembly termination > MITOTIC ARREST

Front 47

clinical use of Vinblastine

Back 47

Hodgkins lymphoma
Non-hodgkins lymphoma
breast cancer

Front 48

Vinicristine

Back 48

plant alkaloid derivative of periwinkle
depolymerize microtubule by binding tubulin > assembly termination > MITOTIC ARREST

Front 49

clinical use of vinicristine

Back 49

ALL in children
Hodgkins lymphoma
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Ewing's sarcoma
Wilms tumor
Breast cancer with Mitomycin

Front 50

Etoposide

Back 50

plant alkaloid: semi synthetic mayapple root
- blocks cell division in late S2-G phase of cell cycle
- inhibits topoisomerase II > DNA strand breakage

Front 51

Clinical use of Etoposide

Back 51

Germ cell cancer
Lung cancer
Hematologic malignancies
Gastric cancer

Front 52

topotecan

Back 52

plant alkaloid campototheca acuminate tree
inhibits topoisomerase I: for cutting and religating single DNA strands

Front 53

clinical use of topotecan

Back 53

Advanced ovarian cancer when platinum based agents have failed

Front 54

Paclitaxel

Back 54

plant alkaloid Taxane from yew tree
- binds microtubules and enhances tubulin polymerization in the absence of key microtubules components > inhibition of mitosis and cell division

Front 55

clinical use of Paclitaxel

Back 55

solid tumors

Front 56

Dactinomycin

Back 56

antibiotic
- binds DNA b/t adjacent guanine-cytosine base pairs > inhibits RNA synthesis

Front 57

clinical use of Dactinomycin

Back 57

Pediatric tumors

Front 58

Mitomycin

Back 58

antibiotic
metabolized to an alkylating agent that cross-links DNA

Front 59

clinical use of Mitomycin

Back 59

Breast cancer with Vincrinstine

Front 60

Bleomycin

Back 60

antibiotic
small peptide with DNA binding region at one end and iron binding domain at the other end
- bind DNA and Iron > oxidized leading to chromosomal aberrations
- accumulation of cells in the G2 phase

Front 61

Toxicity of Bleomycin

Back 61

dose reduction necessary in renal insufficiency
- pulmonary fibrosis

Front 62

Doxorubicin

Back 62

antibiotic
inhibition of topoisomerase II
DNA binding and inhibition of DNA synthesis
Bind cell membrane and alter fluidity and ion transport
Generation of ROS

Front 63

Clinical use of Doxorubicin

Back 63

Rx of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors

Front 64

toxicity of Doxorubicin

Back 64

cardiotoxicity

Front 65

Danorubicin

Back 65

antibiotic
inhibition of topoisomerase II
DNA binding and inhibition of DNA synthesis
Bind cell membrane and alter fluidity and ion transport
Generation of ROS

Front 66

Clinical use of Danorubicin

Back 66

Rx of AML

Front 67

Tamoxifen

Back 67

anti-steroid agent
Binds estrogen receptor of estrogen dependent tumors
low affinity than estradiol for receptor > endogenous estrogen must be ablated

Front 68

clinical use of Tamoxifen

Back 68

estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Front 69

Flutamide

Back 69

anti-steroid agent
anti-androgen effects via binding to receptor

Front 70

clinical use of Flutamide

Back 70

Prostate cancer

Front 71

Leuprolide

Back 71

hormone agonist
synthetic peptide analog of GnRH
- activates GnRH leading to transient release of FSH/LH > desensitization of receptors > reduced FSH/LH release > decreased testosterone

Front 72

clinical use of Leuprolide

Back 72

androgen + tumors
prostate cancer

Front 73

Anastrozole

Back 73

aromatase inhibitor
non-steroid inhibitor of aromatase

Front 74

Anastrozole clinical use

Back 74

metastatic breast cancer in post-menopausal women

Front 75

Exemestane

Back 75

aromatase inhibitor
steroidal hormone that irreversibly inhibits aromatase
- no cross resistance between this and non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors

Front 76

Imatinib

Back 76

anti-cancer mAb
inhibits oncoprotein tyrosine kinase that promotes abnormal proliferation and anti-apoptotic pathways

Front 77

clinical use of Imatinib

Back 77

Breast cancer
- ABL
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- c-Kit (GI stromal tumors)

Front 78

Asparaginase

Back 78

hydrolyzes circulating L-asparagine > aspartic acid and ammonia
NO protein synthesis

Front 79

clinical use of Asparaginase

Back 79

ALL in pediatrics

Front 80

Sorafenib

Back 80

anti-cancer mAb
multikinase inhibitor of kinases involved in angiogenesis and intracellular signaling > decrease tumor growth

Front 81

clinical use of Sorafenib

Back 81

renal cell carcinoma

Front 82

Nelarabine

Back 82

pro-drug deoxyguanosine analog
metabolized to ara-GTP and disrupts DNA synthesis > induces apoptosis

Front 83

Clinical use of Nelarabine

Back 83

lymphoblastic leukemia

Front 84

Lenalidomide

Back 84

thalidomide analog
anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammaotry actions, & enhances anti-cancer activity of T-cells and NK cells

Front 85

clinical use of Lenalidomide

Back 85

myelodysplastic syndrome

Front 86

Amphotericin B

Back 86

antifungal/polyene antibiotic
MOA: binds ergosterol in fungal membrane > increases membrane permeability > release of cytoplasmic contents

Front 87

T/F
Amphotericin B has renal toxicity in 80% of patients

Back 87

True

Front 88

Does amphotericin B penetrate the CNS?

Back 88

poor CNS stimulation

Front 89

Nystatine

Back 89

polyene antibiotic/antifungal
- binds ergosterol inf fungal membrane > increases permeability anda release cytoplasmic contents

Front 90

clinical use of Nystatine

Back 90

only CANDIDIASIS

Front 91

Itraconazole

Back 91

azole/antifungal
MOA: inhibits 14-a-demthylase > no conversion of lanosterol > ergosterol > disrupts cell membrane
increases 14-a-demethylsteroids > impaired ATPase and enzymes of the electron transport system

Front 92

clinical use of Itraconazole

Back 92

DOC for blastomycosis (lung)
Onychomycosis (nail)

Front 93

Is Itraconazole affected by gastric and food activity?

Back 93

YES
- capsule: fed state
- solution: fasting state
administration

Front 94

Fluconazole

Back 94

for prevention of Cryptococus meningitis in AIDs & for Candida (esophagus, UTI, vagina)

Front 95

Is Fluconazole affected by gastric activity or food?

Back 95

NO

Front 96

how is Fluconazole eliminated from the body?

Back 96

renal elimination

Front 97

does Fluconazole penetrate the CNS?

Back 97

YES
excellent BBB penetrator

Front 98

Ketoconazole

Back 98

phased out due to more drug interactions and decreased CNS use and activity

Front 99

Voriconazole

Back 99

treatment of Aspergillus and Candidia

Front 100

Toxicity associated with Voriconazole

Back 100

photophobia and chromatopsia
- 60X more potent than Fluconazole

Front 101

Posaconazole

Back 101

prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients

Front 102

Clotrimazole

Back 102

topical for Candida (mouth, throat, vagina, vulva)
Dermatophyte (athletes foot, jock itch)

Front 103

T/F
Clotrimazole is NOT effective against infections of the scalp or nails

Back 103

True

Front 104

Naftifine

Back 104

allylamines/antifungal
inhibits squalene mono-oxygenase > NO conversion of squalene to lanosterol > decreased ergosterol > disrupts the cell membrane

Front 105

clinical use of Naftifine

Back 105

topical for superficial dermatophyte infections

Front 106

Terbinafine

Back 106

allylamine/antifungal
inhibits squalene mono-oxygenase > NO conversion of squalene to lanosterol > decreased ergosterol > disrupts cell membrane

Front 107

clinical use of Terbinafine

Back 107

Oral for onchomycosis
- accumulates in the skin, nails, and fat

Front 108

Caspfungin

Back 108

Echinoccindins/antifungal
- administered IV
- inhibition of b-(1,3)-glucan synthase > No formation of b-(1,3)-D-glucans in cell wall

Front 109

clinical use of Caspfungin

Back 109

Candida for azole resistant infections

Front 110

Anidnlafungin

Back 110

Echinoccindins/antifungal
- inhibits b-(1,3)-glucan synthase > no formation of b-(1,3)-D-glucans in cell wall

Front 111

clinical use of Anidnlafungin

Back 111

intra-abdominal abscesses caused by Candida and esophageal candidiasis

Front 112

Flucytosine

Back 112

Fluorinated pyrimidine accumulated by fungal cells
-converts 5-FU by cytosine deaminase > incorporates into fungal RNA and disrupts protein synthesis
because 5-Flurodeoxyuridylic acid > inhibits thymidilate synthase > impaired DNA synthesis

Front 113

T/F
Flycytosine doesn't affect human cells because they do not have cytosiene deaminase

Back 113

true

Front 114

Griseofulvin

Back 114

antifungal
- accumulates in keratin precursor cells of skin, hair, nails > interacts with polymerized microtubules > disrupts function
binding sites of Colchine and vinca alkaloids
> prevents Mitosis of Dermatophyte

Front 115

T/F
the absorption of Griseofulvin is enhanced by taking with a fatty meal

Back 115

true

Front 116

Does Griseofulvin induce the CYP3A4 system?

Back 116

YES
may cause decreased levels of drugs metabolized by CYP3A4 system

Front 117

Mechanism of action of Nucleoside analogs that are anti-viral medications

Back 117

prodrug initially phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase (only affects infected cells)
converted to active metabolites by host kinase
competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase
NO synthesis of viral DNA

Front 118

Acyclovir

Back 118

nucleoside analog
- incorporates into viral DNA and terminates elongation

Front 119

Clinical use of Acyclovir

Back 119

HSV
VZV
Prophylaxis for CMV

Front 120

how does resistance to Acyclovir occur?

Back 120

thymidine kinase activity is lost

Front 121

does acyclovir eliminate the virus?

Back 121

NO
it decreased viral shedding
decreases time to heal
prevents viral replication

Front 122

Famciclovir

Back 122

nucleoside analog
- is converted to peniciclovir (topical) after absorption > topical for herpes

Front 123

clinical use of Famciclovir

Back 123

topical for herpes and shingles

Front 124

Ganciclovir

Back 124

nucleoside analog
administered IV or orally

Front 125

Ganciclovir clinical use

Back 125

effective against CMV (retinitis)
Oral prophylaxis

Front 126

Toxicity of Ganciclovir

Back 126

leucopenia
thrombocytopenia

Front 127

T/F
Ganciclovir is 100X more active against CMV than acyclovir

Back 127

True

Front 128

what makes Cidofovir a significant nucleoside analog that is effective against CMV?

Back 128

activated independent of viral enzymes

Front 129

toxicity of Cidofovir?

Back 129

nephrotoxic
neutropenia
metabolic acidosis

Front 130

Can a patient be treated with Cidofovir if they have renal insufficiency?

Back 130

NO
Nephrotoxic

Front 131

Foscarnet

Back 131

administered via IV
nucleoside analog
MOA: no activation by viral or host kinase > blocks phosphate binding site on viral DNA polymerase > NO attaching of nucleoside precursor to DNA

Front 132

clinical use of Foscarnet

Back 132

HSV, VZV, CMV
- acyclovir resistant

Front 133

toxicity associated with Foscarnet

Back 133

renal and cardiac arrhythmias

Front 134

mechanism of action of NTRI for treatment of HIV

Back 134

converted to active triphosphate metabolite (nucleotide) by host kinase
compete for entry into viral DNA (catalyzed by reverse transcriptase)
Causes DNA chain termination

Front 135

Didanozine

Back 135

NTRI
Purine conger
tx: HIV
toxicity: pancreatitis & peripheral neuropathy

Front 136

Lamivudine

Back 136

NTIR
pyramidine conger
tx: HIV and orally effective against HBV
toxicity: pancreatitis

Front 137

Stavudine

Back 137

NTRI
Pyramidine conger
tx: HIV
other info: crosses BBB and renal excretion

Front 138

Emtricitabine

Back 138

NTRI
Pyramadine conger
tx: HIV

Front 139

Zidovudine

Back 139

NTRI
pyramidine conger
tx: HIV
toxicity: bone marrow suppression, anemia, neutropenia

Front 140

Efavirenz
Nevirapine

Back 140

NON-NTRI
MOA: do not require metabolic activation, directly inhibits reverse transcriptase
tx: HIV
MC side effect is RASH

Front 141

Efavirenz toxicity

Back 141

teratogenic

Front 142

Nevirapine toxicity

Back 142

induces P450 system

Front 143

Protease inhibitors

Back 143

Atazanavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir

Front 144

mechanism of action of protease inhibitors
(-ending -navir)

Back 144

binds to active site of HIV protease
production of immature non-infectious particles
tx: HIV

Front 145

feature of Ritonavir

Back 145

protease inhibitor that inhibits the metabolism of other protease inhibitors thereby increasing the half-life of other protease inhibitors

Front 146

Protease inhibitor combination of choice

Back 146

Lopinavir + Ritonavir

Front 147

HIV Fusion inhibitors

Back 147

Enfurvirtide

Front 148

Enfurvirtide

Back 148

HIV fusion inhibitor
- inhibits fusion of HIV with host cell by binding gp41 and not allowing viral entry into the cell

Front 149

administration of Enfurvirtide

Back 149

Subcutaneous injection

Front 150

Amantadine
Rimantadine

Back 150

drugs for tx of influenza
- prevents uncoating of influenze A particles following cell entry
- inhibits viral M2 ion channel

Front 151

clinical use of Amantadine/Rimantadine

Back 151

reduces duration and severity of influenza A infection when given within the first 48 hours of symptom onset

Front 152

What must be done to the dose of Amantadine/Rimantadine if a patient has renal insufficiency?

Back 152

dose reduction

Front 153

Is Amantadine/Rimantadine effective against influenza B?

Back 153

NO

Front 154

Does amantadine/rimantadine cross the BBB?

Back 154

Amantadine crosses the BBB

Front 155

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir

Back 155

inhibits neurominidase in influenza A & B
inactivates respiratory mucus tract
-osteltamivir can be used for prophylaxis

Front 156

Ribavarian

Back 156

inhibits synthesis of viral nucleic acid > decreases guanosine triphosphate > inhibits host cell nucleic acid synthesis
-clinical use: Hepatitis and used alone for RSV

Front 157

INF-alpha

Back 157

produced through DNA recombination > typically produced by host cell in response to viral infections > signals multiple pathways for induction of anti-viral proteins
clinical use: used alone for HBV
combination with Ribavarian for HCV

Front 158

combination of INF-alpha and Ribavarian

Back 158

HCV

Front 159

Chloroquine contraindications

Back 159

psoriasis
porphyria
retinal abnormalities
Myopathy
Kaolin, Calcium/Mg antacids reduce absorption

Front 160

DOC for prophylaxis and treatment of malaria

Back 160

Chloroquine

Front 161

side effects of Quinine in the treatment of malaria

Back 161

tinnitus
headache
nausea
dizziness
flushing
visual disturbances
caution in: cardiac abnormalities
contraindicated in Mefloquine

Front 162

what are requirements of treatment with Quinine for malaria?

Back 162

only for treatment
only for 3 days
only with doxycycline

Front 163

Quinidine

Back 163

used for tx of malaria
shorter half life than quinine due to decreased protein binding

Front 164

Mefloquine

Back 164

tx of malaria blood schizonticide
administered orally
prophylaxis only
give weekly for chloroquine resistant P. falciparum

Front 165

side effects of Mefloquine

Back 165

contraindicated: quinidine, quinine, G6PD deficiency, epilepsy, psych disorders, cardiac conditions
adverse effects: N/V, dizziness, sleep and behavior disturbances

Front 166

what medication is used for prophylaxis of malaria in pregnancy?

Back 166

Mefloquine

Front 167

Primaquine

Back 167

treatment of malaria in Gametocidal or Tissue schizonticide

Front 168

contraindications of Primaquine

Back 168

G6PD deficiency
Pregnancy
Myelosuppression

Front 169

Pyrimethamine

Back 169

used in combo with chloroquine for prophylaxis
MOA: inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

Front 170

Proquanil

Back 170

used in combination with chloroquine for prophylaxis
MOA: inhibits DHFR

Front 171

what species of malaria can tetracycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, and azithromycin be used to treat?

Back 171

all 4 species of malaria

Front 172

Metronidazole clinical use

Back 172

Ameobiasis: E.histolytica (trophozoites but not cyst)
Giardiasis
Trichomoniais

Front 173

Tinidazole

Back 173

ameobiasis
giardiasis
trichomoniasis

Front 174

Iodoquinol

Back 174

Luminal amebicide
-Luminal ameobiasis

Front 175

Paromomycin sulfate

Back 175

luminal ameobiasis
- OTOTOXIC
- less toxic and more effective than diloxanide ruoate

Front 176

Nitazoxanide

Back 176

Giardiasis
- anti-protozoan
- inhibits pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase pathway

Front 177

Tinidazole

Back 177

Giardiasis

Front 178

Suramin

Back 178

EARLY EAST African Trypanosomiasis (rodiensiense)
does NOT cross BBB

Front 179

Melarsoprol

Back 179

LATE EAST African Trypanosomiasis
-crosses BBB

Front 180

Pentamindine

Back 180

EARLY WEST African Trypanosomiasis (gambiense)
best known for its use in the tx of pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 181

Eflornithine

Back 181

LATE WEST AFrican Trypanosomiasis (gambiense)
crosses BBB

Front 182

Nifurtimox

Back 182

American Trypanosomiasis
- Chaga's disease

Front 183

Sodium stibogluconate

Back 183

cutaneous leishmaniaisis
- sandflies