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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are Maintenance Anesthetics?
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Volatile inhalation anethetics
administered through lungs sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, halothane, desflurane |
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Volatile anesthetic
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very fat soluble, takes a long time to get anesthetic out of body, they block glutamate or enhance gaba
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Side effects of Anesthetics
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Nausea and Vomitting
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Action of Iv Anesthetic
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produceCNS depression by acting on GABA, except for Ketamine- short acting
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GABA
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main inhibitory neuron in brain
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What are side effects of Propofol (an IV anesthetic)?
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Cardiovascular depression
delirium, euphoria, pain on injection, respiratory depression |
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What is diff about the Iv anesthetic Dexmedetomadine ?
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IV anesthetic alpha 2 agonist, prevents release of norepenephrine
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Impt note on Ketamine?
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Delirium occurs after patient wakes up
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When is Precedex used?
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mainly used post operation for sedation
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Local anesthetics
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Esters and Amides
provide anesthesia by blocking by reversibly binding to and blocking sodium channels |
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Esters
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Chloroprocaine
procaine bupivacaine lidocaine mepivacaine ropivacaine |
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Why is epinephrine used with local anesthetics?
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Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction at injection site to prevent leakage into blood stream
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What is the main difference between esters and amides?
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esters are metabolized in blood stream, also most likely to cause allergic reaction
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Amides
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dibucaine
lidocaine benzocaine cocaine tetracaine |
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What are Anticonvulsants?
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They are used to treat seizures
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How do Anticonvulsants Act?
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They suppress sodium influx, suppress calcium influx- slows down depolarization, decrease action of GABA, also block glutamate
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how does glutamate relate to sezures?
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Major excitatory neuron that can cause seizures
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Which Anticonvulsants are teratogens?
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Lemotrigine- causes cleft palate
phenytoin- causes cleft palate and fetal hydantoin syndrome- like fetal acho fosphentoin- causes fetal hydanoin syndrom Valproic Acid (depracote- spinal bifita- , facial and digital abnormalities |
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Which two drugs cayse fetal hydantoin syndrome?
anti conv |
fosphentoin
and phenytoin cause release of GABA |
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Topiramate (topamax) side effects?
anti conv |
Causes memory problems and difficulty concentrating,
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Valcoric Acid side effects?
anti conv |
Hair loss and liver failure
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What anticonvulstants are black boxed for suicide?
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Carbamazepine, felbamate, Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Levetiracetam, Oxcarbazepine, Prgabalin, tiagabine, topiramate, valproate, zonisamide
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