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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What enzyme converts testosterone to DHT?
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5-alpha-reductase
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What is an anabolic steroid?
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An androgen receptor agonist
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What disease is characterized by C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency?
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Hereditary angioedema
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What organs synthesize androgens?
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Testes
adrenals liver ovaries placenta |
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Where are adrenal pro-androgens converted to androgens?
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liver
skin fat |
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What cells secrete most of the testosterone in males? What regulates the release?
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Leydig cells in the testes under the control of LH from the pituitary
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What percent of testosterone is bound in circulation?
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98% bound to sex-hormone binding globulin
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Where is dihydrotesterone made?
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Peripherally from testosterone
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What are active metabolites of testosterone?
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Dihydrotestosterone
Estradiol |
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What are the inactive metabolites of testosterone?
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Androsterone
Etiocholanolone |
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What signals feedback inhibition to the pituitary after testosterone release?
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testosterone and inhibin
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What hormone triggers external virilization and sexual maturity?
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dihydrotestosterone
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What are the three peaks in testosterone in a lifetime?
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Fetal 2nd trimester
Neonatal Adulthood |
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What do androgenic compounds do?
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1. define male phenotype
2. growth of male genitalia 3. Long bone growth 4. maintain male characteristics 5. increased libido and aggressive behavior |
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What do anabolic compounds do?
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1. skeletal muscle development
2. erythropoiesis |
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What are the uses for androgen?
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Hypogonadism
Nitrogen balance Severe anemia Bone growth in children |
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What chemical alteration allows testosterones to be given orally?
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Alkylation of the 17a position decreases hepatic metabolism allowing oral administration
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Which testosterones can be given orally?
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methyltestosterone
Oxandrolone stanozolol fluoxymesterone danazol |
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Why would an athlete use hCG? What other drug is common take with hCG?
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To counter the effects of testicular shrinkage from anabolic steroid abuse.
Often take antiestrogens to counter hCG effects and prevent gynecomastia |
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What drug may be developed into a male contraceptive?
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Danazol
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What is danazol used to treat?
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endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease
hereditary angioedema |
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What is the mechanism of danazol?
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inhibits the release of FSH and LH, blocking adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis
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How does danazol treat hereditary angioedema?
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increases c1 esterase inhibitor levels
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What is flutamide and what is it used to treat?
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Oral nonsteroidal antiandrogen used to treat ONLY metastatic prostate cancer.
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What is the mechanism of flutamide?
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blocks uptake and nuclear binding of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in prostatic tissue
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What analog of testosterone is used to treat BPH?
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Finasteride
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What is the mechanism of finasteride and what is it used to treat?
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competitive inhibitor of Type II 5-alpha reductase, preventing the synthesis of 5a-dihydrotestosterone. Used to treat BPH.
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What isoenzyme of 5a reductase is responsible for the majority of DHT in circulation? Where is it found?
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Type II, found in the prostate, seminal vesicles, epididymis, hair follicles and liver.
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What is the primary signal for the development of prostatic tissue?
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DHT
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What is propecia?
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Finasteride used for male pattern baldness
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What is bicalutamide used to treat?
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metastatic prostate cancer
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What is the difference between bicalutamide and flutamide?
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bicalutamide is more selective for peripheral androgen receptors and not those on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.
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What is leuprolide?
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analog of GnRH
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What is the long term effect of leuprolide?
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medical castration
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Why is leuprolide used for hormonally dependent tumors?
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Sustained activation leads to downregulation of GnRH receptors and a decrease in FSH and LH. This stops testosterone and estrogen production.
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What is leuprolide used to treat?
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prostate cancer
breast cancer endometriosis |
