Pharmacology - Adrenergic Drubs

Front 1

What are adrenergic receptors

Back 1

adrenergic receptors are defined as receptors that mediate response to epinephrine and nor epinephrine

Front 2

What are adrenergic drugs

Back 2

adrenergic drugs activate the adrenergic receptors.

Front 3

what are the types of adreneregic receptors sites

Back 3

alpha 1 (epi, nor epi, dopamine)
alpha 2(epi, nor epi)
beta 1(epi, nor epi, dopamien)
beta 2(epi)
dopamine (dopamine)

Front 4

alpha 1 - activated by epi, nor epi

Back 4

when stimulated
- profuse body wide vaso constriction (increased BP)
-mydriasis (pupil dilation)

Primary uses
- for hyptension
- Hemostasis (stop bleeing)
-Nasal decongestion (by constricting blood vessels in the nasal mucose
-adjunct to local anesthesia (to delay anesthetic absorption, decreases sensation) (large wounds)
-mydriasis

Front 5

alpha 2 - activated by epi or nor epi

Back 5

when stimulated causes
- alpha 2 receptor activation in the PNS inhibits the release of nor epi
- alpha 2 receptors in the CNS, when activated 1. lead to a reduction of sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels, which will lead to a blockage of alpha 1 stimulation and thus vasodilation state within the periphery - which results in hypotension and Analgesia (pain relief)

Front 6

Beta 1 activated by epi, nor epi and dopamine

Back 6

beta 1 receptors are activated by epi, nor epi and dopamine

located in the heart and kidney

activation leads to
- increase in Heart rate
- increase in contractility
Uses
- cardiac arrest
- heart failure (low cardiac output - hypoxia)
- Shock(profound hypotension)
- AV block

Front 7

Beta 2 receptors - activated by epi

Back 7

located
- in the lung
- arterioles of the heart, lungs and the skeletal muscles

activation causes
- bronchial dilation of smooth muscles
- activation of glycogenalyis (conversion of glycogen into glucose within the liver)
- relaxation of uterine muscles (pre term labor)

uses
- Asthma
- pre term labor

Front 8

sympathomimetics

Back 8

adrenergic agonists since its response is similar to sympathetic nervous system

Front 9

Epinephrine (adrenaline)- stimulates alpha 1, alpha 2 and beta 1 and beta 2

Back 9

Uses
- hypotension
- mydriasis
- bronchodilation
- In conjunction with local anesthetics
- anaphylactic shock

SE/AR
- Hypertensive crisis
- Cardiac dysrtythmias
- angina pectoris - accumulation of lactic acid)
- hyperglycemia (due to the glycogenolysis response with beta2)

Front 10

Norepinephrine (levophed) - (first choice for low BP) activated by alpha1, alpha2, beta 1 (similar to epi, but does not activate beta 2)

Back 10

Uses
- severe hypotension
- utilized with cardiac arrest
- AV block
- most specifically for hypotension with low organ perfusion (shock)

SE/AR

- similar to epi
- does not cause hyperglycemia as epi can
- can cause loss of peripheral limb due to profuse vasoconstriction - some times comes dow to life over limb
- called leave em dead

Front 11

dopaminergic receptor - mostly in kidney and the CNS

Back 11

activated my dopamine

Front 12

Dopamine -activates beta 1, alpha 1 and dopaminergic receptors (dose specific drug)

Back 12

Low doses - dopaminergic(0.5 mcg - 2 mcg)- increases renal perfusion and thereby increasing UO

Moderate dosage - 2 to 10 mcg - activates mostly beta 1

High doses - >10 mcg (some
Beta 1 until 15 mcg and then strictly alpha 1 from that point on) - third line med to raise BP

Front 13

Dobutomine + ionotropic (gently)
activates Beta1

Back 13

Uses
- mainly for heart failure

SE/AR
- tachycardia
-exacerbation of heart failure (to make worse)

Front 14

Adrenergic Antagonists

Back 14

Adrenergic antagonists cause direct blockade of adrenergic receptors, they are more selective
Mostly this classification is utilized to block the alpha 1 response or to cause or elicit vasodilation
- utilized for essential hypertension
- pheochromacytoma (cancer of the adrenal gland - continuous adrenal secretion)
-Raynaud's disease - PVD in the toes and fingers (relieves symptoms with vasodilation)

SE/AR

- orthostatic hypotension
- reflex tachycardia
- Nasal congestion (dilate the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa producing congestion)
- inhibition of ejaculation

Front 15

Adrenergic antagonist medications

Back 15

- Prozosin ( minipress) used for HTN
-Terazosin (Hytrin) HTN, BPH
-Doxazosin (cardura) HTN, BPH
- PHentolamine (regitine) - antidote for dopamine for nor epi in tissue by peripheral infiltration
Pheocromocytoma

Front 16

Phentolamine (regitine) - adrenergic antagonist

Back 16

Pheochromacytoma

Prevention of tissue nevrosis following extravasation of caustic medications to the sub cutaneous tissue ( dopamine, nor epi)

Front 17

Prozosin (minipress)

Back 17

- adrenergic antagonist
- used for hypertension

Front 18

Terazosin(hytrin)

Back 18

- adrenergic antagonist
- used for HTN, BPH

Front 19

Doxazosin (cardura)

Back 19

-adrenergic antagonist
- used for HTN, BPH

Front 20

Nicotine

Back 20

- activates nicotinic receptors
- low dose like from smoking will result in nic