Pharmacology

Front 1

ARB - part of drug name

Back 1

-sartam

Front 2

ACEi - part of drug name

Back 2

-pril

Front 3

CCB (short acting) - part of drug name

Back 3

-dipine

Front 4

ARB ( -sartam) MOA

Back 4

block AT1 receptor - RAS inhibition
3rd line drug (doesn't have cough side effects)

also excretes uric acid (uricosuric), therefore good for gout patients

Front 5

ARB (-sartam) side effects

Back 5

dizziness, angioedema

Front 6

ARB used for

Back 6

-sartam

3rd line HTN, especially those with gout or cough (3rd to BB's then ACEi)

Front 7

ACEi (-pril) for treatment of...

Back 7

HTN especially in diabetics (2nd in line to BB's)
CHF (decreased pre and after load)
post MI (decreased pre and afterload)
Renal disease

Front 8

Do ACEi alter HR?

Back 8

no

Front 9

ACEi side effects

Back 9

hyperkalemia
interract with NSAIDs (they block thereputic levels of PG's in the kidney)
cough (due to increased bradykinin and thus increased PG's)

Front 10

Diuretic MOA

Back 10

NaCL and water out --> decrease CO --> decrease PVR and CO will even out

Front 11

What is spironolactone?

Back 11

nonselective aldosterone antagonist therefor treats hyperaldosteronism and HTN

Front 12

What is the MOA of Beta blockers on the heart?

Back 12

decrease CO (SV or HR)
PVR may initially increase, then decrease long term

Front 13

What effect do Beta blockers have on the kidney?

Back 13

inhibit renin secretion

Front 14

What effect do Beta blockers have on the CNS and PNS?

Back 14

Beta2 block --> decreased NE release --> decreased PVR

Front 15

Propranolol is a nonselective BB. What are some of its aggravative symptoms?

Back 15

Peripheral vascular disease
asthma
COPD
prolong recovery from hypoglycemia
increased triglycerides

Front 16

Metoprolol: selective or non-selective BB?

Back 16

selective therefore less bronchoconstriction, PVD aggravation, and hypoglycemic problem with diabetics

therefore safe to use in diabetics and hyperlipidemia

Front 17

Atenolol: selective or non-selective BB?

Back 17

selective therefore less bronchoconstriction, PVD aggravation, hypoglycemic problem in diabetics, and triglyceride problems

Front 18

Prozosin

Back 18

alpha 1 antagonist/blocker --> decreases NE vasoconstriction (even venous) --> therefore use in BPH

doesn't reduce CV events

Front 19

Carvedilol

Back 19

Beta 1, Beta 2, alpha 1

treats HTN in CHF (because not an inverse agonist)

Front 20

Labetalol

Back 20

Beta 1, Beta 2, alpha 1

treats emergent HTN (not in CHF)

Front 21

MOA of Aliskiren?

Back 21

renin blocker therefore decreases ang I and II

Front 22

Bosentan MOA

Back 22

non-selective endothelin blocker for CHF (pulmonary HTN)

Front 23

When is Bosentan used?

Back 23

2nd line tx of pulmonary HTN/right heart failure/CHF

Second to Sildenafil or CCB's

Front 24

Bradykinin MOA

Back 24

at B1 receptor --> pospholipase --> NO, PG's, substance P --> long term vasodilation, cough, and pain

at B2 receptor --> phospholipase --> PG's, NO, & substance P --> short term vasodilation and pain --> SNS reflex

Front 25

What metabolizes Bradykinin?

Back 25

ACE/Kininase II

Front 26

Captopril

Back 26

non prodrug ACEi (decreases morbidity and mortality)

Front 27

Losartan

Back 27

ARB

Front 28

Nitrate (nigroglycerin, Isosorbide kinitrate, and mononitrate) effect on vasculature and mOA

Back 28

nitrate esters that vasodilate both venous and with a high enough dose, arteries (therefore reduce pre and after load --> decreases O2, incrases supply --> decreases vasospasm)

Front 29

Nitrate effect on CNS

Back 29

there will be a SNS reflex

Front 30

Nitrate effect on coagulability?

Back 30

platelet i

Front 31

When is Nitropruside used?

Back 31

MOA like that of Nitrates, except toxic with prolonged use (cyanide), therefore only use, IV, for acute HTN in those with CHF

Front 32

When is Sildenafil used?

Back 32

Pulmonary HTN (CHF) or ED

PDE5i

Front 33

What is the MOA of Sildenafil?

Back 33

PDE5i therefore used for pulmonary HTN

Front 34

What drug is a PDE5i?

Back 34

Sildenafil for pulm HTN

Front 35

When is Minoxidil used?

Back 35

used for severe/refractory HNT (K channel therefore arterial only)

used with other drugs (BB and diuretic)

Front 36

what is the MOA of minoxidil?

Back 36

K channel blocker therefore arterial only

extreme action/effect therefore only use in extreme HTN

Hair growth

Front 37

What drug is a K channel blocker?

Back 37

Minoxidil, therefore arterial

severe/emergent HTN w/other drugs

Front 38

when is Hydralazine used?

Back 38

emergent HTN with diuretic and BB

Front 39

Side effect of hydralazine?

Back 39

more arteriol but still causes flushing, reflex tachy, ischemia, and autoimmune RXN

Front 40

Verapamil

Back 40

CCB on frequently firing cells

Front 41

Diltiazem

Back 41

CCB on rapidly firing cells. Decreases HR and systolic pressure as much as BB's.

Front 42

Nifedipine

Back 42

shorter acting CCB on cells with maintained deplarization (voltage-dep) like vasculature. Decreases systolic pressure and HR.

Front 43

Amlodipine

Back 43

shorter acting CCB on cells with maintained depolarization (voltage-dep) like vasculature. Therefore decreases systolic pressure and HR

Front 44

What drugs are the choice for use in MI?

nitrate, CCB, BB, Aspirin, or Fibrolytic drugs

Back 44

BB's and Fibrolytic drugs
Aspirin

Front 45

Which are the drugs of choice for stable angina?

nitrate, CCB, BB, Aspirin, or Fibrolytic drugs

Back 45

nitrate, CCB, BB

Front 46

Which are the drugs of choice for unstable angina?

nitrate, CCB, BB, Aspirin, or Fibrolytic drugs

Back 46

Aspirin
BB, nitrates, CCB

Front 47

Which are the drugs of choice for variant angina?

nitrate, CCB, BB, Aspirin, or Fibrolytic drugs

Back 47

CCB
nitrates

Front 48

First line TX for HTN

Back 48

BB's (-olol's) --> ACEi (-pril's), --> ARB's (-sartan), CCB's (-dipine's, verapamil)

Front 49

Treatment in patient with BPH?

Back 49

Prozosin (alpha1 blocker)

Front 50

MOA clonidine

Back 50

alpha 2 antagonist --> inhib renin release

Front 51

When are alpha blockers used?

Back 51

BPH, to increase insulin sensitivity, in hyperlipidemia, Pheo, or HTN crisis

Front 52

What drug is used to grow hair (hypertrichosis)?

Back 52

Minoxidil (K channel blocker)

Front 53

Propanolol

Back 53

non-selective BB

Front 54

Fenoldopam mesylate

Back 54

DA1 --> fast on/off arteriodilation --> ok on kidney (unlike nitroprusside), increases intraoccular pressure

Front 55

When is Fenoldopam used over Nitroprusside?

Back 55

kidney problems

Front 56

What is the first line of treatment in pulmonary HTN/CHF?

Back 56

CCB or sildenafil

Front 57

If sildenafil or CCB's fail to control pulmonary HTN, what is second line treatment?

Back 57

Bosentan

Front 58

Simvistatin vs atorvastatin

Back 58

prodrug, short half life

vs

non-pro, long half life

Front 59

Drugs used to treat digoxin toxicity

Back 59

Resins/Bile acid-sequestrants (Colestipol, Cholestyramine)

Front 60

Effect of resins (Bile acid-sequestrants).

Back 60

Treat digoxin poisoning
lower LDL

(increases TG's)

Front 61

Drug classes to treat hypercholsterolemia

Back 61

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
Bile acid-sequestrants (resins)
Sterol absorption inhibitor

Front 62

What drug works on NPC1L1 to reduce LDL in hypercholesterolemia?

Back 62

Sterol absorption inhibitor: Ezetimibe

Front 63

what line of drugs are reductase inhibitors?

Back 63

Statins/HMG-CoA

Front 64

MOA of Ezetimibe?

Back 64

inhibit sterol absorption
increase LDL receptors in liver

Front 65

What is the MOA of Resins (Cholesterpol, Cholestyromine)?

Back 65

increase LDL receptors
increase bile secretion

Front 66

What is the MOA of Gemfibrozil and fenovibrate?

Back 66

increase LPL --> TG's taken into tissue

binds to albumin and will replace Warfarin