Pharmacology

Front 1

What is Memantine?

Back 1

NMDA receptor antagonist to treat Alzheimer's.

Front 2

Donepezil treats ...

Back 2

Alzheimer's It's an AChE inhibitor.

Front 3

What's L-DOPA? What else would you administer alongside it?

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A prodrug that is decarboxylated to become dopamine. A peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor like Carbidopa.

Front 4

Entacapone is a

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COMT inhibitor which reduces the symptoms of dyskinesia caused by L-DOPA treatment.

Front 5

Selegiline is a

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MAOB inhibitor to treat Parkinson's.

Front 6

Moclobemide is a

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MAOA inhibitor to treat depression.

Front 7

Amantadine treats

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Parkinson's. Also used for influenza treatment - M2 inhibitor.

Front 8

What are bromocriptine and pramipexole?

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Dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's.

Front 9

Diazepam (valium) and Clonazepam are

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Benzodiazepines - anxiolytics.

Front 10

B1-adrenoreceptor antagonists are used to

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treat physical symptoms of anxiety, as well as lower blood pressure.

Front 11

Flumazenil is used to

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treat overdose with benzos.

Front 12

Name 2 SSRIs.

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Citalopram and fluoxetine.

Front 13

Doxepin and imipramine are

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Tricylic antidepressants - non-selective 5HT and NA uptake inhibitors.

Front 14

Mirtazepine is an

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a2 (adrenoreceptor) antagonis on presynapse to boost signalling.

Front 15

Carbamazepine is given to treat

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epilepsy

Front 16

Clozapine treats

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Schizophrenia. (close the curtains).

Front 17

Name a mood-stabilizing drug and a disease requiring it.

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Lithium for bi-polar disorder.

Front 18

Thiopental is a

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barbiturate used to euthanize animals or used in anaesthesia.

Front 19

Propofol is

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the best IV drug to induce general anaesthesia

Front 20

What drug would you give to maintain anaesthesia?

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Isoflurane, possibly in combo with opioids or maybe IV propofol.

Front 21

What would you give as an analgesic in surgery?

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) or maybe fentanyl.

Front 22

What would you use for the neuromuscular blockade?

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Atracurium - blocks cholinergic receptors on skeletal muscle.

Front 23

What's loperamide?

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Given to inhibit diarrhoea; an opioid.

Front 24

Morphine acts on

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mu opioid receptors (inhibitory GPCRs)

Front 25

Biphosphonates are ________ and they

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co-analgesics and they inhibit enzymes that use PPi. Used to treat osteoporosis and some forms of bone cancer.

Front 26

NRTIs are

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nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - antiretroviral drugs

Front 27

AZT is

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Azidothymidine - an NRTI.

Front 28

Tenofovir is a (I have ten P groups...okay I have 1)

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Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NtRTI). Monophosphorylated - AMP analogue.

Front 29

NNRTIs are

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non-nucleoside RTase inhibitors

Front 30

Delavirdine is (Soph)

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a NNRTI - it allosterically binds to reverse transcriptase rather than being used by it.

Front 31

Maraviroc (maravirocrocrocrocroc) is

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a CCR5 coreceptor antagonist to prevent R5 HIV strains entering cells

Front 32

Enfuvirtide is an (my GP's name is enfuvirtide)

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entry inhibitor that bind to gp41 which inhibits gp120 strains from forming pores for entry.

Front 33

Raltegravir is (gravel in the nucleus)

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an integrase inhibitor to prevent cDNA incorporation into the host genome.

Front 34

Aciclovir is ______ and treats ________

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a guanosine analogue that needs to be triphosphorylated. It treats Herpes simplex virus infection by inhibiting viral DNAP - causes chain termination. First-line drug.

Front 35

Foscarnet is

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2nd line drug for HSV. PPi analogue that also inhibits viral DNAP. More toxic than aciclovir.

Front 36

Cidofivir is

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3rd line treatment for HSV (and other members of Herpesviridae family) that is an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate that needs no viral kinase to P it.

Front 37

Vostavax is

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a vaccine for VZV which reduced incidence of shingles and post-herpetic neuralgia.

Front 38

Treat VZV with

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Aciclovir, famciclovir, foscarnet, etc. and good analgesics.

Front 39

What are Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir? What do they treat?

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guanosine analogues that preferentially bind vDNAP. Treat HCMV infection.

Front 40

What do adamantanes treat? How?

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Amantadine and rimantadine are M2 blockers - the H+ channel that facilitates influenza virus decoating needed for replication.

Front 41

Neuraminidase inhibitors are

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drugs used to inhibit neuraminidase on influenza viruses. Prevent newly made virus from leaving host. Also reduce pneumonia (co-infection with S. pneumoniae).

Front 42

Zanamivir and oseltamivir are

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neuraminidase inhibitors. Oseltamivir is adminstered orally and Zanamivir is an inhaler.

Front 43

How do you treat HepC?

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Pegylated interferon alpha and ribavirin (broad-spectrum antiviral). Nowadays: DAAA.

Front 44

What are DAAA - name some examples.

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Directly acting antiviral agents. Examples are Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir.

Front 45

Ledipasvir is an

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NS5A inhibitor - inhibits the interferon antagonists viruses produce to minimize immune response.

Front 46

Sofosbuvir is an

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NS5B - HCV RNAP inhibitor.

Front 47

Paritaprevir is an

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NS4-4A inhibitor - a viral protease.

Front 48

Venlafaxine is a

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SSNRI - selective serotonin and NA reuptake inhibitor with preference for 5HT.

Front 49

Lidocaine and procaine are

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Local anaesthetics

Front 50

Probenecid is

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given in conjunction with Cidofovir to extend its life by decreasing renal clearance. This is in treating HSV.