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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Adrenergic drugs - agonists Main types |
Alpha 1, Alpha 2 Beta 1, Beta 2 Non selective Alpha/Beta Non selective Beta Non selective Alpha |
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Alpha 1 Agonists |
Phenylephrine Xylometazoline |
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Alpha 1 drugs -Main physiological effects - Uses |
Effects: 1) Smooth muscle contraction 2) Vasoconstriction -> increase peripheral resistance -> Increase AP Uses: Nasal decongestion |
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Phenylephrine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: alpha 1 agonist Uses: Nasal decongestion Unwanted effects: hypertension, bradycardia Indication: Used intranasally |
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Beta 1 Agonists Drugs |
Dobutamine (B-1 selective) Isoprenaline (B non selective) Dopamine |
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Beta 1 agonists Main physiological effects Main uses: |
effects: 1) increase contractile force of the heart (inotropic) 2) Increase heart rate (chronotropic) can lead to arrythmia Uses: Cardiogenic shock |
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Dobutamine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: B-1 agonist Uses: Cardiogenic shock Unwanted effects: dysrhytmias Indications: given by IV |
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Isoprenaline Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: B agonist (vasodilation) Uses: Asthma - relaxes the smooth muscles of the lungs, Unwanted effects: Tachycardia, dysrhytmias Indication: replaced by salbutamol for asthma |
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Epinephrine and Norepinehprine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: A/B agonist Uses: Asthma, anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest Unwanted effects: Hypertension, vasoconstriction, tachycardia, dysrhytmias. Indication: subcutaneously, poorly absorbed by mouth. Noradrenaline is mainly an A agonist, and causes vasoconstriction |
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B-2 agonists Drugs |
Salbutamol Ephedrine |
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B-2 agonists Main physiological effects Main uses |
1) Vascular and smooth muscle relaxation used for asthma treatment and premature labor. |
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Salbutamol Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: B-2 agonist Uses: Asthma, premature labour Unwanted effects: Tachycardia, dysrhytmias, tremor, peripheral vasodilation |
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A-2 drugs |
Methyldopa Clonidine |
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Clonidine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Action: A-2 partial agonist Uses: hypertension, migraine Unwanted effects: weight gain, drowsiness, hypotension, rebound hypertension. Indications: Oral administration |
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Amphetamine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: NA release, CNS stimulant uses: narcolepsy, ADHD Unwanted effects: hypertension, tachycardia, insomnia, dependance, can be fatal in OD. Indications: do not take if MAO inhibitors were given. |
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Ephedrine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: Na release, weak CNS stimulant Uses: Nasal decongestion Unwanted effects: like amphetamine but less. Indications: do not take if MAO inhibitors were given. |
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Adrenergic drugs Main types |
Beta blockers Alpha blockers |
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Beta blockers drugs |
Propanolol, Timolol, atenolol, metoprolol, labetalol |
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Propranolol Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Actions: B antagonist (non selective) Uses: Angina, hypertension, dysrythmias, tremor, glaucoma Unwanted effects: Bronchoconstriction, cardiac failure, fatigue, depression, hypoglycaemia. Indication: Absorbed orally |
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Metoprolol Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Same as propranolol, but it's a B -1 antagonist, and has a lesser risk of bronchoconstriction. |
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A- blockers drugs |
Prazosine A-1 Doxazosine A-1 Tamulosine Yohimbine A-2 Phentolamine A non selective |
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A blocker drugs Main effects |
A1 antagonists will work like B-2 agonists. Smooth muscle relaxation, vasodilation, fall in arterial pressure. |
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Prazosine and Doxazosine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Action: A-1 antagonist Uses: Hypertension Unwanted effects: tachycardia, nasal congestion, impotence, postural hypotension Indications: absorbed orally. |
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Tamulosine |
A1a selective, acts mainly on the urogenital tract. |
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Yohimbine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Action: A -2 antagonist Uses: not used clinically Unwanted effects: hypertension Indication: absorbed orally |
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Phentolamine Actions, uses, unwanted effects, indications |
Action: A antagonist Uses: rarely used Unwanted effects: Postural hypotension, tachycardia, nasal congestion Indication: IV administration |
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Cholinergic agonists Drugs |
Acetylcholine Nicotine Pilocarpine Carbachol Betanechol |
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Acetylcholine transmission |
1- AP depolarizes synpatic knob 2- Ca2+ enters cytoplasm, Ach released from synaptic vesicle 3- Ach binds to nicotinic receptor(depolarization) 4- Ach broken down from AchE (ms) 5- Synpatic knob reabsorbs choline 6- Ach reformed in the synaptic vesicle |
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Acetylcholine pharmacological blocks |
Hemicholinium: inhibits choline uptake Botolintoxin: inhibits Ach release Suxamethonium: block postsynaptic receptors |
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Carbachol |
M receptor agonist Induceses miosis |
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Pilocarpine Description |
M3 agonist, used as eye drops to treat glaucoma: reduces intra-ocular pressure, causes the pupils to constrict and to drain the excess aqueous humour. |
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Nicotine |
Slows down heart rate Vasodilation lowers arterial blood pressure increases GI motility (smooth muscles contraction) Increase glandular/salivary secretions |
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Muscarinic antagonists drugs |
Atropine Pirenzepine Hyoscine (Scopolamine) Tropicalamide Oxybutinin Ipratropium (tiotropium) |
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Atropine |
- Lowers secretions - Increases heart rate - dilates pupiles - Decreases GI motility - Decreases glandular secretions - smooth muscle relaxation May cause hyperactivity and delirium |
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Hyoscine (scopolamine) |
acts mostly like atropine, but its a CNS depressant |
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Pirenzepine |
M1 selectivity inhibits gastric secretion used for peptic ulcers |
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Tropicamide |
similar to atropine may raise intraocular pressure dilation of the pupils and cycloplegia. |
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Ipratropium |
similar to atropin but doesnt inhibit mucocilliary secretions from bronchi. used to treat bronchitis and asthma. |
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Neuro muscular blocking drugs Main principles |
presynaptically inhibit Ach release/synthesis. inihibit post synaptic Ach action. |
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Neuro muscular blocking drugs |
Tubocurarine Pancuronium Vecuronium Atracurium Mivacurium Suxamethonium ( the only depolazing drug, i.e causing persistant depolarization) |
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Tubocurarine Onset, duration, main side effects, indications |
Onset: slow, Duration: long Side effects: hypotension, bronchoconstriction (related to histamine release). histamine = vasodilation = lowers arterial blood pressure. too much histamine not good. |
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Suxamethonium Onset, duration, main side effects, indications |
Onset: fast Duration: short Side effects: Bradycardia, dysrythmias, hyperthermia, raised intraocular pressure Indication: Plasma cholinesterase metabolises the drug very fast, slower in pts with liver disease. |
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Anticholinesterase drugs Main effects: |
enhancement of Ach activity in postganglionic synapses. Increases secretions, increased persitlatic activity, pupillary constriction. More depolarizations at the postsynaptic neuron. |
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Anticholinesterase drugs Main side effects |
CNS - hallucinations GI tract - hypermotility Bradycardia |
