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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pharmaceutics
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study of how various dosage forms influences how the body metabolizes a drug and how it affects the body
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Pharmacokinetics
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what the body does to the drug molecules. --absorption, distribution, metabolism & excretion
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Pharmacodynamics
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what the drug does to the body --drug receptor interactions
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Pharmacotherapeutics
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The use of drugs and the clinical indications to prevent and treat diseases
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First-pass effect
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when some of the drug metabolizes in the liver and excreted. this reduces bioavailability to < 100%
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Sulfonamides
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Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP)
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Side effects of Sulfonamides
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Blood
GI upset Crystalluria |
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Nursing Implications of Sulfonamides
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-take with fluids
-monitor for toxicity w/ other protein binding drugs (Warfarin, Phenytoin, Sulfonoylureas) -Oral contraceptives no longer effective -photosensitivity |
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Penicillin
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piperacillin + tazobactum = Zosyn (combo drug)
Also called “beta-lactams” |
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Penicillin Side Effects
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N/V/D
abdominal pain urticaria pruritus angioedema |
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Penicillin Nursing Implications
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no caffiene, fruit juices
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Cephalosporins
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Ceftriaxone (rocephin)
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Cephalosporin Contraindication
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do not give if pt is allergic to penecillin
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Cephalosporin Adverse Effects
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bleeding tendencies bc it decrease prothrombin and vit K metabolism
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Macrolides Adverse Effects
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n/v/d
hepatotoxicity-RUQ tenderness |
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Macrolide Nursing Implications
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-do NOT give w/ fruit juices.
-Highly protein-bound -empty stomach is best but snacks are ok w/ GI upset |
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Tetracyclines Adverse Effects
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-cause tooth discoloration in children
-photosensitivity -possible retard fetal development -superinfection |
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Tetracyclines Nursing Implications
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-do not take with milk, anatacids or iron salts
-take with fluids & food |
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Aminoglycosides
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Potent antibiotic
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Aminoglycoside nursing implications
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-monitor peak and trough levels via therapeutic drug monitoring
-fluids |
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Aminoglycoside Adverse Effects
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1. nephrotoxicity
2. Ototoxicity |
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Fluoroquinolones
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levofloxacin (levaquin)
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Fluoroquinolones Nursing Implications
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-Cautious use while taking oral anticoagulants
-No antacids, irons, zinc, or dairy -2-3 L fluids per day to prevent crystalluria |
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Fluoroquinolones Adverse Effects
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-dizzyness
-tinnitus -constipation -photosensitivity -Nausea/diarrhea -bone & joint infections |
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Vancomycin Nursing Implications
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-Ensure adequate hydration
-Must monitor blood levels |
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Vancomycin Adverse Effects
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-Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity
-Redmans syndrome |
