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133 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS
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CNS
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Tx for Alzheimer
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Donepezil
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MOA of Donepezil
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Acetylcholine Esterase Inhibitor --> Increase Ach
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Sx & Tx for Open Angle Glaucoma
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Sx: Painless, ipsilateral dilated pupil, gradual tunnel vision, optic disk cupping
Tx: Control intra-ocular pressure |
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Sx & Tx for Closed Angle Glaucoma
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Sx: Sudden onset & pain
Tx: Increase outflow: Pilocarpine & Mannitol 2) Decrease aqueous humor production: Acetozolamide |
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Parkinson Tx Drugs
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BALSA + Entacapone, Tolcapone + Trihexyphenydil + Pergolide + Pramipexole
BALSA: Bromocriptine, Amantadine, L-Dopa, Selegiline & Antimusc (Benztropine) |
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MOA of Bromocriptine and use
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Partial Dopamine agonist & ergot alkaloid which stimulates dopamine receptors & used as an adjunct
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MOA of Amantadine
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Increase Dopamine release
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MOA & SE of L-Dopa
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Increase Dopamine release in the Brain by Dopa Decarboxylase
DOC SE: Arrhythmia & Dyskinesia (invol. & repetitive movement) |
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What is the effect of Vitamin B6 on L-Dopa?
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Increase the peripheral metabolism of L-Dopa which DECREASE its EFFECTIVENESS
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MOA & USE & SE of Carbi-Dopa
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MOA: Peripheral Decarboxylase inhibitor
USE: Increase the bioavailability of L-Dopa in brain & limit its peripheral SE SE: Behavioral Changes may worsen (Anxiety & Agitation) |
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MOA & USE of Selegiline
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MOA: MAO-B inhibitor which PREVENTS DOPAMINE BREAKDOWN
USE: Adjunct to delay the progression of parkinson & prevent MPTP induced damage of Dopaminergic neurons |
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Which drug increase the bioavailability of L-Dopa in brain & limit its peripheral SE
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Carbi-Dopa
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Which Drug delays the progression of parkinson & prevent MPTP induced damage of Dopaminergic neurons
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Selegiline
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What is MOA & USE Benztropine
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MOA: Antimuscrinic
USE: Improves tremor & rigidity in parkinson but has little effect on bradikinesia. Also used in Prolactinoma |
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Which drug improves tremor & rigidity but has little effect on bradikinesia
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Benztropine
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Which drug is preferred in pts with drug induced parkinsonism (taking antipsychotic)
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Benztropine
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Which drug is CONTRAINDICATED in pts with drug induced parkinsonism
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L-Dopa (It can percipitate psychosis)
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MOA of Entacapone & Tolcapone
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COMT inhibitor which prevent dopamine breakdown
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Ergot Alkaloid vs Non-Ergot Alkaloid
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Ergot: Benztropine & Pergolide (SE: Reynauds)
Non-Ergot: Pramipexole & Ropinirole |
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MOA of Trihexyphenidyl
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Anticholinergic
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What drug is used for Migraine & Cluster Headaches
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Sumatriptan
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MOA & SE Sumatriptan
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Stimulate presynaptic 5HT-1(D/B) receptor
SE: Coronary Vasospasm & Hypertensive crises |
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What is the Acute Tx for Seizures
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BZ (Diazapam & Lorazopam)
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What is the prophylaxis Tx for Seizures
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Phenytoin & Carbamazapine
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What is the DOC for Simple Partial & Complex Partial Seizures
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Carbamazepine
Simple Partial: Sensory Disturbance & Conscious Complex Partial: Sensory Disturbance & Unconscious |
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MOA & SE of Carbamazepine
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Block Na channels-->Hyperpolarization
SE: Hepatotoxic (induce p-450), SIADH, AGRANULOCYTOSIS & Aplastic Anemia |
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What is the DOC for Tonic Clonic (Grand Mal) Seizure
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Phenytoin
Carbamazepine Valproic Acid Tonic Clonic (Freeze & Jerk) |
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MOA & SE of Phenytoin
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Blocks Na & Ca Channels--> Decrease depolarization
SE: Gingival Hyperplasia, Drug induced Lupus, Fetal Hydnation Syndrome |
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DOC for Myoclonic Seizure
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Valproic Acid
Myoclonic (Brief Jerking, less than 1 sec) |
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MOA & SE of Valproic Acid
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Block Na channels & NMDA receptors & increase GABA conc.
SE: Hepatotoxic & NT defects |
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DOC for Status Epileptics
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Diazapam
Status Epileptics (Continuous seizures) |
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DOC for Absence Siezures
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Ethosuximide
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MOA Ethosuximide
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Blocks T-type Ca channels
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Muscarinic Agonist
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1) Carbachol
2) Bethanecol 3) Pilocarpine 4) Methacholine |
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Tx Post-up urinary retention (Bladder Atony)
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Carbachol & Bethanechol
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Tx for Glaucoma
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Pilocarpine
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CF Sweat Test
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Pilocarpine
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Used to Diagnose Asthma
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Methacholine
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Muscorinic Indirect Agonist
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Inhibit Acetylcholinesterase --> Increase Ach
1) Parathion 2) Physostigmine 3) Neostigmine 4) Pyridostigmine 5) Edrophonium |
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Organophosphate (nerve gas)
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Parathion
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Tx for nerve gas poisoning
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Pralidoxime (2-PAM) & Atropine
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Tx for Atropine Poisoning
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Pralidoxime & Physostigmine
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Tx for Myasthenia Gravis
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Neostigmine (DOC) & Pyridostigmine
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Dx of Myasthenia Gravis
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Edrophonium
1) MG will get stronger 2) Mysthenic Syndrome (Ass with Small Cell CA of lung) will get weaker |
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Used to overcome non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade caused by Pancuronium
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Neostigmine
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Muscorininc Blockers
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1) Atropine
2) Scopolamine 3) Benztropine 4) Glycopitolate 5) Ipratropium |
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Tx Heart Block (Bradicardia during Cardiac ER)
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Atropine
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Tx Motion Sickness
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Scopolamine
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Tx Cholinergic Crisis (Nerve gas & Insectiside)
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Atropine
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Tx for Dystonia
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Benztropine
Dystonia (sustained Contraction of muscle groups) |
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Decrease Pulmonary Secretions Preop
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Atropine & Gylcopyrolate
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Tx Asthma & COPD in pts who cant take adrenergic agents
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Ipratropium (M3 blocker --> Bronchodilation)
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SE of Atropine
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HOT (Increase Temp)
DRY (Dry Mouth) RED (Flushed skin) BLIND (Cycloplasia & Close glaucoma) MAD (Disorientation & Constipation) |
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Nicotinic Blockers
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1) Nicotine
2) Hexamethonium 3) Tubocurarine 4) Succinylcholine |
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Stimulates Ganglia, Then Blocks (Persistant Depolarization)
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Nicotine
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Ganglionic blocker, prevents vagal reflex response in experimental models
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Hexamethonium
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Muscle relaxant that causes histamine release (Flushing & Hypotension as side effect)
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Tubocurarine
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Causes flaccid paralysis for tracheal intubation
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Succinylcholine (only depolarizing agent)
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Pt present with muscle rigidity and increase temp when using the drug with halothane
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Succinylcholine (Malignant Hyperthermia)
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What is Tx for Malignant Hyperthermia & MOA
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Dantrolene: Inhibit the release of Ca from SR
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Muscorinic & Nicotinic & Adrenergic Receptors THINK
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Muscorinic: Parasympathetic
Nicotinic: Sympathetic Adrenergic: Sympathetic |
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Alpha-1 Receptors
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Vasoconstricts, Uses Ca (IP3-DAG)
Sphincters --> Tighten Arteries --> Vasoconstrict Eye Radial Muscle --> Mydriasis w/o cycloplegia |
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Alpha-1 Agonist Drugs
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Ephedrine
Pseudoephedrine Phenylephrine |
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Increase SBP & DBP & stimulates the release of Epi & NE
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Ephedrine
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Improves athletes performance & decreases Appetite
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Ephedrine
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Stimulates the CNS causing insomnia
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Ephedrine
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In many OTC Cold Remedies
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Ephedrine
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Increase SBP
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Phenylephrine
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Nasal Decongestant
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Phenylephrine
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Produce Mydriasis for retinal examination
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Phenylephrine
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Abused in street to make methamphetamine
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Pseudo-ephedrine
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MOA of Methamphetamine
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Stimulate the release of EPI, NE, DA from neurons
Sx: insomnia & Decrease appetite |
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Alpha-1 Blockers
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Prazosin
Doxazosin Terazosin Tamsulosin |
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Alpha-1 blockers that Tx HTN & BPH
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Prazosin
Doxazosin Terazosin |
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SE of Prazosin
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First Dose syncope leading to orthostatic hypotension
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Alpha-1 blocker that works on bladder and prostate
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Tamsulosin
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Alpha-2 Receptors
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Decrease NE release --> Decrease Sympathetic
Pancreatic B cells --> Decrease insulin |
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Alpha-2 agonist
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Clonidine
Alpha-Methyl Dopa Guanabez |
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All Alpha-2 agonist Tx
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HTN
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HTN in pregnant women
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Alpha-Methyl Dopa
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Cause Rebound HTN if stopped quickly & also inhibits premature insulin secretion
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Clonidine
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SE of Alpha-Methyl Dopa
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Hemolytic Anemia (+ coombs Test) & Sedation
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Alpha-2 Blockers
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Tolazoline
Yohimbine |
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Tx Pre RDS
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Tolazoline
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Tx Impotence
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Yohimbine
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Tx spasms of the peripheral blood vessels by vasodilating it
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Tolazoline
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Nonselective Alpha-blockers
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Phentolamine
Phenaxybenzamine |
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Use for Dx of Pheochromocytoma
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Phentolamine (Pt will get a large drop in BP), REVERSIBLE
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Use for Tx of Pheochromocytoma & Carcinoid
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Phenaxybenzamine --> IRREVERSBLE
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B-1 Receptors
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Revs up the heart (Increase HR), Increase cAMP
CNS --> increase activity SA node --> increase HR & Contractility JG --> Increase renin Pncrease Alpha cells --> increase glucogan |
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B-1 Agonist name & use
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Dobutamine --> CHF by increasing contractility & decrease ESV
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B-1 Blockers
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A BEAM
Atenolol Butexolol Esmolol Acebutol Metoprolol |
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Long Acting B-1 Blocker
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Atenolol
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B-1 Blocker that Tx glucoma
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Butexolol
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Short Acting B-1 Blocker
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Esmolol (Tx thyroid storm)
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B-1 Blockers that partially stimulates B-receptors
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Acebutolol & Atenolol
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B-1 Blocker that Tx HTN & Angina in DM & COPD pts
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Metoprolol
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B-2 Receptors
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Bronchodilate & Vasodilate & Icrease cAMP
CNS --> Increase contractility Lungs --> Dilation Arterioles --> DIlation Pancreas B cells --> Increase Insulin Uterus --> Relax Bladder --> Relax |
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B-2 Agonists
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RATS
Ritodrine Albuteral Terbutaline Salmeterol |
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Relaxes Uterus & used for Delayin preterm labor
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Ritodrine & Terbutaline
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Short acting & Long acting for Asthma
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Short: Albuteral
Long: Salmeterol (Prevents asthmatic attacks) |
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B-2 Blocker
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Butoxamine (no clinical use)
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Non-Selective B-Agonists (B2>B1)
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Isoproteranol
Metaproterenol Levoproterenol |
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Non-Selective B-Agonist that Tx Heart Block
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Isoproteranol
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Non-Selective B-Agonist that is used as an Bronchodilator
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Metaproterenol
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Non-Selective B-Blockers
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TPN
Timolol Propanolol Nadolol |
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Tx Open Angle Glaucoma
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Timolol & Nadolol --> Decrease aqueous humor secretion
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B-Blocker that Tx Tremor, Impotence & Panic Attacks
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Propanolol
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B-Blocker that has protective effect after an MI
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Propanolol
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B-Blocker that Tx Thyroid storm & MOA
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Propanolol --> Decrease the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
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Contraindicated in Pt with peripheral claudication
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Propanolol
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Two SE of Propanolol
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Bronchoconstriction (wheezing), Fasting Hypoglycemia (Decrease Glycogenolysis)
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Tx for Tox with B-Blockers
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Glucagon
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Effect of B-Blockers on: Renin, AT-1, AT-2, Aldosterone & Bradykinin
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Decrease Renin --> Decrease AT-1 & AT-2 --> Decrease Aldosterone
No effect on ACE activity --> No effect on Bradykinin |
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Alpha & Beta Direct Agonists
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Epi
NE DA |
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Epi MOA
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A-1 & A-2 (high dose)
B-1 & B-2 (low dose) |
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Epi Use
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Bronchospasm in Asthma
Anaphylaxis Increase Pulse Pressure |
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NE MOA
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A-1/A-2>B1
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NE USE
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Powerful vasoconstrictor --> Tx HypOtension (decrease renal perfusion)
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DA MOA
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Low dose: D2: Perfuse kidney
Int dose: B1: Increase contractility High dose: A-1: Vasoconstrict (increase Afterload) |
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DA USE
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Shock (Increase Renal Perfusion) & CHF
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Direct (A-1 & B-1) Blockers & USE
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Labetalol: Tx A-Fib
Carvedilol: Tx HTN crisese & CHF |
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Indirect (A & B) Agonists
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Tyramine
Amphetamine |
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MOA of Tyramine
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Cause Catecholamine release (Found in Red wine, Cheeze & Chocolate)
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MOA of Amphetamine
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Released NE & DA from presynaptic Terminal
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Indirect (A & B) Blockers
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Metyrosine
Reserpine Guanethidine |
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MOA & USE of Metyrosine
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Blocks Tyrosine --> Dopa
Pheochromocytoma |
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MOA & USE & SE of Reserpine
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Blocks DA vesiculation to NE
HTN Depression & orthostatic hypotension |
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MOA of Guanethidine
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Blocks the presynaptic release of NE, allowing MAO to degrade NE
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MOA of Cocaine & TCA
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Blocks the presynaptic re-uptake of NE
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Prophylaxis Tx for Asthma & MOA
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Cromolyn
Inhibit Mast Cell Degranulation |
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First line for Chronic Asthma & SE
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Prednisone
Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Do oral rinsing) |
