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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Define Pharmacology.
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The branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects and mechanisms of action of the drug.
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Drugs tho
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Define Drug.
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A substance introduced into the body, that has a measurable effect.
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A chemical substance of known structure which when administered produces a biological effect.
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What are 4 reasons for Drug Usage. |
1. Therapeutic 2. Toxicological 3. Cosmetic 4. Recreational |
1. Ther 2. Tox 3. Beauty 4. Weed |
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Agonists... Antagonists... |
1. Turns on aspect of cellular activity. 2. Blocks cell's receptor |
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Pharmacodynamics is... |
What the drug is doing to the body. |
Ensures the drug is having the desired effect. Note: Consider the correlation with the drug's dosage and the conditions function. |
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What is the Goldilock's zone? |
The sweet spot between drug dosage and measured effect. |
High footage is toxic; low dosage is ineffectual |
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Clinical Trials are required... |
For license of use for assessment of safety and effectiveness. |
Blind, double blind trials etc. |
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Clinical Trials are required... |
For license of use for assessment of safety and effectiveness. |
Blind, double blind trials etc. |
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Define a drug's bioavailability. |
The percentage of drug that gets from the stomach into the blood in an active form. |
A percentage, in a particular form |
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Clinical Trials are required... |
For license of use for assessment of safety and effectiveness. |
Blind, double blind trials etc. |
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Define a drug's bioavailability. |
The percentage of drug that gets from the stomach into the blood in an active form. |
A percentage, in a particular form |
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Once in circulation, the drug is distributed to tissues and organs as a function of... |
1. Cardiac output 2. Biochemical composition of drug compared to tissue |
1. Heart 2. E.g.Fat soluble drug distribute to adipose tissue, or water soluble confined to the blood. |
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Define drug metabolism. |
The series of chemical modifications made to the drug by enzymes. |
Enzymes deactivate the drug and make it suitable for excretion |
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Define drug metabolism. |
The series of chemical modifications made to the drug by enzymes. |
Enzymes deactivate the drug and make it suitable for excretion |
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What are the 2 methods of excretion? |
1. Renal excretion 2. Hepatobillary excretion |
1. Eliminates drugs and metabolites into faeces 2. Eliminates drugs and metabolites into urine |
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Define the Therapeutic Index of a drug. |
The ratio of the maximum tolerated dose before an adverse drug reaction occurs vs the minimum effective therapeutic dose. |
A ratio between 2 extremes. Toxic vs ineffective |
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Define Pharmacokinetics. |
The journey of the drug through the body. |
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Define Pharmacokinetics. |
The journey of the drug through the body. |
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What are the 4 stages of Pharmacokinetics? |
1. Absorption (vascular) 2. Distribution (organs) 3. Metabolism 4. Excretion |
1. Overcome physical barrier 2. Cardiac output & biochemical composition 3. Mainly in Liver 4. Renal/hepatobillary ADME |
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What are 6 classes of NSAID drugs? (Hint: First 4 are carboxylic acids) |
1. Salicylate 2. Acetic Acid 3. Propionic Acid 4. Fenamate 5. Pyrazole 6. Oxicam |
1. Acetylsalicyclic Acid/Aspirin 2. Indomethacin 3. Ibuprofen 4. Meclofenamate 5. Phenylbutazone 6. Proxicam 7. Rofecoxib |
