Pharmacology

Front 1

Onset

Back 1

The time it takes for a drug to produce a response after administered

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Peak

Back 2

The time it takes for a drug to reach its highest effective concentration

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Trough

Back 3

Minimum blood serum concentration of a drug reached just before the next scheduled dose

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Duration

Back 4

The time during which the drug is able to produce a response. Present in a concentration great enough to produce a response

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Plateau

Back 5

Blood serum concentration reached and maintained after repeated fixed doses.Serum half-life: The time required for the amount of drug in the body to decrease by 50%

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Therapeutic effect

Back 6

desired or intended effect

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Side effects

Back 7

These are generally predictable secondary effects that occur with therapeutic doses such as dry mouth or sleepiness

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Adverse reactions

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These are potentially harmful or life-threatening undesired effects

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Oral

Back 9

Drug is swallowed and absorbed from the stomach or intestines. The most commonly used route. Slower onset of action and a more prolonged effect than parenteral medication

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Sublingual

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Drug is place under the tongue. Medication dissolves and is absorbed across mucous membranes. Do not swallow tablet or chew, or the desired effect will not be achieved. The patient should not drink until medication is completely dissolved

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Parenteral

Back 11

Drug is injected into body tissues.Topical: Drug is applied to the skin or mucous membrane and is absorbed. Systemic effects can occur if a patient's skin is thin, if medication concentration is high, if the skin surface is broken, or if contact with skin is prolonged. Includestransdermal/topical, rectal or vaginal suppository, and eye or ear installation

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Subcutaneous

Back 12

injection into tissues just below the dermis.

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Intramuscular (IM)

Back 13

injection into a muscle

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Intravenous (IV)

Back 14

injection into vein

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Intradermal (ID)

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injection into dermis just under epidermis. A tuberculosis test is an example of this

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Inhalation

Back 16

Drug is inhaled into small airways and absorbed into the capillaries. Readily absorbed and works rapidly because of the rich vascular alveolar-capillary network present in the pulmonary tissues. Inhaled medications may have local or systemic effects

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Rectal

Back 17

The drug is inserted into the highly vascular tissues of the rectum