Pharmacology

Front 1

Alteplase

Back 1

Largest Drug with a MW of 60,000 used to dissolve clots

Front 2

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 2

Noncompetitive antagonist of Norepinephrine which functions by blocking the alpha adrenoreceptors for it

Front 3

Carvedilol

Back 3

Nonselective Beta blocker used to treat congestive heart failure

Front 4

Ketamine

Back 4

An intravenous anesthetic which is still used as a racemic mixture

Front 5

Gleevec

Back 5

Drug developed by Novatis used to treat CML Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Front 6

Atropine

Back 6

Antagonist of acetylcholine that functions by blocking the acetylcholine receptor

Front 7

Fick's Law

Back 7

Law that describes diffusion

Front 8

Form of transport responsible for Iron and Vit B12

Back 8

Endocytosis

Front 9

Equation of Fick's Law

Back 9

Flux=(C1-C2) x Area x Perm Coeff x thickness^-1

Front 10

Gout

Back 10

Inflammatory reaction of tissues caused by buildup of uric acid in joints

Front 11

E=?

Back 11

(Emax)(c)/ (Ec50) + (c)

Front 12

B=?

Back 12

(Bmax)(c)/(Kd) + (c)

Front 13

Myocardium has a large proportion of what?

Back 13

Spare B-adrenoceptors

Front 14

Schild Equation

Back 14

C'/C = 1 + [I]/KI

Front 15

Example of Chemical Antagonism

Back 15

Heparin is a very negative anticoagulant and protamine sulfate is very positive so protamine can bind to heparin to inactivate it

Front 16

Example of Physical Antagonism

Back 16

Insulin which lowers blood sugar and glucocorticoids which increases it

Front 17

Discovery of John Langley

Back 17

Curare did not prevent electrical stimulation of muscle but blocked contraction triggered by nicotine

Front 18

Discovery of Paul Ehrlich

Back 18

Certain synthetic organic agents had antiparasitic effects while others with nearly identical structures did not

Front 19

Isoproterenol

Back 19

Beta-Adrenoreceptor agonist that mimics sympathetic stimulation to increase heart rate

Front 20

NO mechanism of Action

Back 20

Enters the cell via diffusion and activates guanylyl cyclase to produce cGMP

Front 21

Which vitamins are lipid soluble?

Back 21

Vit ADEK

Front 22

Herceptin

Back 22

a.k.a Trastuzumab used for anti-breast cancer treatment works by acting as antagonist of the Her2/neu receptor tyrosine kinase

Front 23

Two types of EGFR-TK inhibitors used for cancer treatment

Back 23

Gleevec by Novatis

and Herceptin by Genetech and Roche

Front 24

Signaling path & Function of TGF-B

Back 24

Ser/Thr Kinases & regulates growth and cell proliferation by blocking growth of many different cells

Front 25

Path & Function of ANP

Back 25

Ligand Regulated Guanylyl Cyclase receptors & Functions in regulating blood volume and vascular tone

Front 26

What is the rate limiting step in second messenger signals?

Back 26

Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP so does not matter if ligand is bound or not

Front 27

Gs

Back 27

Up Adenyl Cyclase to up cAMP and Ca++ channel

Front 28

Gi

Back 28

Downs Adenyl Cyclase & opens K++ channels to dec heart rate

Front 29

Gq

Back 29

Up IP3 DAG & Ups cytoplasmic Ca++

Front 30

Receptor regulation mechanism in the B-Adrenoceptor

Back 30

Ligand binding activates Gs-GTP and B-ARK aswell which phosphorylates cytoplasmic tail due to high amount of serine and threonine residues & causes binding of B-arr to block 3rd intracellular loop

Front 31

Substance that cleaves phosphates from Tails

Back 31

Phophatase

Front 32

Methylxanthine Drug Effects

Back 32

Competitive inhibitors of PDE

Ups Alertness, secretion, enzymes, smooth muscle dialation treats asthma

Downs Na reabsorption, causes weak diuretics

Front 33

PLC pathway and 3 ways to terminate it

Back 33

PLC hydrolyze PIP2 into DAG & IP3

IP3 causes release of calcium which binds to calmodulin to phosphorylate substrate

DAG activates PKC which phosphorylates substrates aswell

IP3 is rapidly dephosphorylated by phosphatases

DAG is either dephosphorylated or deacylated to form archidonic acid

Cell actively removes Ca+ from cytoplasm with pumps

Front 34

Which 2 places have cGMP based signal transduction?

Back 34

Intestinal Mucosa and Smooth Muscle

Front 35

What does NO activate?

Back 35

Diffuses into the cell and directly activates GC to produce cGMP

Front 36

3 Norepinephrine Receptor Classes

Back 36

B-adrenergic:Gs ups heart rate

a1-adrenergic:Gq vasoconstriction

a2-adrenergic: Gi opening of K+ gates and decreases heart rate

Front 37

Tamoxifen

Back 37

Antagonist on estrogen receptors in breast tissue to prevent breast cancer

Agonist in estrogen receptors in bone to reduce osteoperosis

Agonist on estrogen receptors in uterus causing cell proliferation leading to cancer

Front 38

Nobel Prize winner for discovery of NO

Back 38

Ferid Murad

Front 39

Viagra Acts on what?

Back 39

PDE subtype 5 to prevent cGMP from becoming GMP

Front 40

what does clinical effect of a drug in patients depend on?

Back 40

Maximal Efficacy

NOT POTENCY

Front 41

TI=?

Back 41

TD50/ED50

Front 42

Idiosyncratic

Back 42

Unusual response not seen in most PTs

Front 43

Hyporeactive

Back 43

Drug effect is smaller than expencted

Front 44

Hypereactive

Back 44

Drug effect is greater than expected

Front 45

Hypersensitive

Back 45

Allergic reaction to drug

Front 46

Tolerance

Back 46

Desensitization to drug due to prolonged administration

Front 47

Tachyphylaxis

Back 47

Abnormally rapid desensitization to drug

Front 48

Saralasin

Back 48

Weak partial agonist of angiotensin receptors which raises BP so will lower BP in HTN patients but will raise BP in patients with low levels of angiotensin

Front 49

Clonidine

Back 49

Agonist of a2-adregenic receptor to reduce BP so can cause hypertensive crisis if removed abruptly

Front 50

Prazosin

Back 50

a1-adrenergic receptor antagonist lowers BP by acting on vascular smooth muscle

Front 51

Methotrexate

Back 51

Drug that kills tumor cells by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase but kills healthy cells too

Front 52

Asprin

Back 52

Cox 1&2 inhibitor that acts on cyclo-osygenase to reduce inflammation caused by archidonic acid

Front 53

Vioxx

Back 53

Drug that acts on Cox 2 inhibitor which like asprin acts on cyclo-oxygenase to lower inflammation but was pulled from marked because it caused heart problems