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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nurse's role in teaching client;s about med (5) |
-desired effects -route -actions of med -possible adverse reactions or side effects with other medication -documentation of client teaching |
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Schedule 1 |
high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use -Heroin, LSD |
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Schedule 2 |
High potential for abuse, severe dependency liability -narcotics, amphetamines, some barbituates |
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Schedule 3 |
lower potential for abuse than schedule 2 drug moderate dependence liability -anabolic steroids, nonbarbiturate sedatives, nonamphetamine stimulants
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Schedule 4 |
lower potential for abuse than schedule 3, limited dependance liability -some sedatives, antianxiety agents, non narcotic analgesics |
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Schedule 5 |
limited potential for abuse primarily small amounts of narcotics (codeine) |
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Client right regarding medication |
-name of medication -actions of medication -side effect of medication -right to refuse medication -right to generic form of medication |
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Controlled Drug Safety |
-All controlled substances must be double locked -on coming nurse counts meds, outgoing nurse documents
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pharmacokinetics |
actions of drugs |
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What's the difference between transdermal and topical medications? |
look up |
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agonist |
medication that produces a desired response
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antagonist |
a medication that has an opposing effect or acts against another medication |
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synergistic or potentiating effect |
a medication that enhances the effects of another medication |
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secondary effects |
side effects that are other than the initial desired goal of the medication |
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key concept of how many antibiotics work (bacteriostaticc) |
many function by reducing the virulence of a pathogen (bacteriostatic) the body's natural defense must take over to kill the pathogen |
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what 2 conditions might a person have to require daily profilactic use of antibiotics? |
-frequent strep infections -history of rheumatic fever |
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PCN is excreted by the body through |
urine |
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routes for PCN 3 |
-oral most common, easy , safest -IM route for slower acting onset PCN -IV used for severe infections |
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PCN effective against (bacteria type) |
-most effective against gram-positive organisms (streptococci, staphlycocci, pneumococci) -some gram-negative (gonococci )gonorhhea , meningococci, syphylis |
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sometimes PCN can treat _______ disease |
Lyme |
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PCN is considered a ___ spectrum drug |
narrow spectrum . Bacteriostatic and in high doses bactericidal |
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SE of PCN % of those affected |
-few except for those allergic (5%) of people |
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PCN cross -sensitivity to |
-other PCN (administer with caution if allergic to one type ) -cephalosporins |
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mild allergic reaction to PCN treated with |
antihistamine , dipenhydramine (benadryl) |
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anaphylactic reaction to PCN treated with 3 after stable 1 |
-immediate oxygen administration -epinephrine 1:1000 -IV aminophyline or theophylline for respitory distress -after stable steroidal antiinflammatory agent |
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cephalosporins divided into 3 groups |
1st, 2nd, 3rd generation -based on the range of medication's specificity (3rd generation being the most broad-spectrum) |
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ask clients if they allergic to ____ before giving cephalosporins |
PCN. 10% allergic to PCN will be allergic to Cephalosporins. monitor carefully |
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most cephalosporins are bacterial?(ending) 3 things |
-bacteriacidal -effective against gram-positive cocci -used often for mixed infections |
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cephalosporins common uses 2 and used frequently in ___ setting |
-PCN resistant staphylococci -gram negative E . Coli -widely used in hospital setting |
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general adverse effects Cephalosporins |
-GI symptoms flatulence and Diarrhea -bone marrow depression is serious SE -adverse effects usually minimal |
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effect cephalosporin with alcohol use |
severe vomiting and nausea |
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Tetracycline --- spectrum ----effective against 3 major |
broad spectrum Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma |
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Tetracycline preg cat |
D -also not for use in pregnant women and children with developing teeth will cause brown discoloration |
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use TEtracycline route |
-absorbed well orally -IM -IV |
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absorption rules tetracycline |
-take on empty stomach 1 hour after eating -no antacids with tetracycline (Maalox, Mylanta , milk of magnesia, Gelusil ) because no IRON, Calcium, Magnesium, aluminum -Do not take with milk |
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Common SE of tetracycline |
-photosensitivity -GI system (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) |
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patient taking tetracycline must be warned of |
intestinal infection or digestive difficulties because it kills normal flora in digestive tract |
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Aminoglycosides are, used for , 4 typical uses |
-potent bactericidal antibiotics -many gram negative organisms -UTI, meningitis, life threatening septicemias, wound infections -hospital acquired gram negative infections |
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Aminoglycosides also used pre operatively for |
GI tract because the action of med reduces the normal GI bacterial flora |
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route Aminoglycosides often |
parenteral (IV, SC, IM) bypassing the GI tract |
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aminoglycosides SE and the s/s of those |
-ototoxicity (dizziness, tinnitus, gradual hearing loss) -nephrotoxicity (blood and protein in the urine) |
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macrolides ____ spectrum and 4 popular names |
-narrow spectrum bacteriostatic (stop growth) azithromycin (Zithromax) clarithromycin (Biaxin) dirithromycin (Dynabac) erythromycin (Erythrocin) |
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macrolides effective against ( ) and used often for ( ) |
-most organisms that are PCN sensitive -upper respiratory infections for clients allergic to PCN |
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adverse reactions macrolides 4 typical |
-skin rashes -abdominal pain -nausea -cramping |
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azithromycin & erythromycin take with /without food ? |
1 hour before food or 2-3 hours after (so on empty stomach) (macrolides) |
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Clarithromycin and dirithromycin take with/without food ? |
take with food (macrolide) |
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allergy reaction s/s of antimicrobial |
-rash or skin reaction -hives w/or w/out dyspnea -laryngeal edema -shock -stridor -sternal retractions |
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s/s direct tissue damage antibiotic Liver (4) |
LIVER -+AST, +ALT +GGT +alkaline phosphatase |
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S/s ototoxicity from antibiotic 3 |
-dizziness -tinnitus -progressive hearing loss |
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s/s of nephrotoxicity from antibiotic |
-increase in serum creatinine 0.6-1.3 mg/dLnorm -increase in BUN 7-18 mg/dL (normal) -excess RBC in urine (0-3) abnormal -decrease in specific gravity (1.003-1.029) norm -proteinuria and/or casts -decrease in urine output |
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s/s secondary infection from antibiotics |
-stomatitis -glossitis -itching -vulvovaginitis -cold or canker sores -diarrhea -recurrent fever (those taking broad spectrum or immunosupressed individuals at risk ) |
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gram positive microbes describe |
have cell wall and retain stain |
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gram negative microbes describe |
do not have cell wall so do not retain stain |
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s/s hepatic toxicity (Liver) |
-anorexia -nausea & vomiting -jaundice -hepatomegaly -spleenomegaly -abnormal liver function tests (ASt ALt LDH GGT ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE) |
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pre- med check before giving aminoglycosides |
-see if taken any skeletal muscle relaxants in last 72 hours -hearing disorder -renal disease -allergies -T, P, R, BP, & hydration status |
