Pharmacology

Front 1

PREGNANCY CATEGORY A

Back 1

- Controlled studies show no risk to the fetus.

- Adequate well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not demonstrated risk to the fetus

Hint 1

2

Front 2

PREGNANCY CATEGORY B

Back 2

- There is no evidence of risk in humans.

- Animal studies show risk, but human findings do not.
- If no adequate human studies have been done, animal studies are negative.

Hint 2

3

Front 3

PREGNANCY CATEGORY C

Back 3

- Risk cannot be ruled out.

- Human studies are lacking, and animal studies are either positive for fetal risk or lacking.

- The drug may be used during pregnancy if the potential benefits of the drug outweigh its possible risks.

Hint 3

3

Front 4

PREGNANCY CATEGORY D

Back 4

- There is positive evidence of risk to the human fetus.

- Investigational or postmarketing data show risk to the fetus.

- However, potential benefits may outweigh the risk to the fetus. If
needed in a life-threatening situation or a serious disease, the drug may be acceptable if safer drugs cannot be used or are ineffective.

Hint 4

3

Front 5

PREGNANCY CATEGORY X

Back 5

- Use of the drug is contraindicated in pregnancy.

- Studies in animals or humans or investigational or postmarketing reports, have shown fetal risk that clearly outweighs any possible benefit to the patient.

Hint 5

2

Front 6

Pharmacokinetics

Back 6

- Refers to activities within the body after a drug is administered

- These activities include
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME).

Front 7

Half-life

Back 7

- Refers to the time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug

- Knowledge of the half-life of a drug is important in planning the frequency of dosing.

Front 8

Pharmacodynamics

Back 8

deals with the drug’s action and effect within the body.

Front 9

Drug idiosyncrasy

Back 9

is a term used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to a drug

Front 10

Drug tolerance

Back 10

is a term used to describe a decreased response to a drug, requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect.

Front 11

Parenteral drug administration means

Back 11

the giving of a drug by the subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM),
intravenous (IV), or intradermal route

Front 12

ILOMEDIN(Iloproset)
indications:

Back 12

-severe peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD), particularly those at risk of amputation and in whom surgery or angioplasty is not possible

-advanced thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) with critical limb ischaemia in cases where revascularisation is not indicated

-patients with severe disabling Raynaud's phenomenon unresponsive to other therapies

-moderate or severe primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension such as New York Heart Association functional classes III and IV

Front 13

Ilomedin(Iloproset) side effects:

Back 13

1.Metabolism/nutrition disorders:
-anorexia

2.Nervous system disorders/ psychiatric disorders :
-dizziness, vertigo, giddiness, par-esthesia, hyper-esthesia, burning sensation, tingling, throbbing sensation, restlessness, agitation, sedation, apathy, drowsiness

3.Cardiac and vascular disorders !:
-headache, flush
(very common!!!)
-hypotensive reaction, bradycardia
(common!!!)

4.Gastrointestinal disorders:
-nausea, vomiting
(very common)

-diarrhoea, abdominal complaints, pain

5.Skin disorders:
-sweating
(very common!!!)

Hint 13

3 major systems

Front 14

Ilomedin(Iloproset)
mechanism of action:

Back 14

Iloprost is a prostacyclin analogue. The following pharmacological effects have been observed:

-Inhibition of aggregation, platelet adhesion and release reaction

-dilatation of arterioles and venules, increase of capillary density and reduction of increased vascular permeability in the microcirculation

-activation of fibrinolysis, inhibition of adhesion and immigration of leucocytes after an endothelial lesion, and reduced release of oxygen free radicals

Front 15

Ilomedin(Iloproset)
administration

Back 15

I.V

In general, the ready-to-use infusion solution is infused intravenously by means of an infusion pump .
For this purpose, the contents of an ampoule of 0.5 ml ILOMEDIN are diluted with 250 ml of a sterile physiological saline solution or a 5 % glucose solution. The contents of the ampoule and the diluent should be mixed thoroughly. In the case of an ILOMEDIN concentration of 0.2 µg/ml, the required infusion rate should be determined according to the above descibed scheme to effect a dose within the range of 0.5 to 2.0 ng/kg/min.

Front 16

Ilomedin(Iloproset)
interactions

Back 16

-Beta bl.
-calcium antagonists and vasodilators
-ACE inh.

(additive effect on the antihypertensive activity and as the result orthostatic hypotension!)