Pharmacology

Front 1

define agonist

Back 1

A drug with a high level of affinity and efficacy that binds to a receptor and casues a specific action.

Front 2

define contraindiction

Back 2

a reason not to use a drug in a particular situation, causes undesirable side effects

Front 3

define efficacy

Back 3

the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.

Front 4

define over the counter drug

Back 4

a drug that may be purchased without a prescription from a vet

Front 5

define prescription drug

Back 5

a drug that must be prescribed by a vet and taken while under the supervision of a vet

Front 6

define receptor

Back 6

a molecule located on a cell that binds with drugs or neurotransmitters to cause an effect

Front 7

define therapeutic index

Back 7

the relationship between a drug's ability to achieve the desired effect compared to its tendency to produce toxic effects. Expressed as a ration between the LD and the ED. LD/ED 50% of the time.

Front 8

define withdrawal time

Back 8

the amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug therapy and the elimination of that drug from the patients tissue or products.

Front 9

define veterinarian client patient relationship

Back 9

the relationship that must exist between the veterinarians, hris or her patient and the patient's owner before prescription drugs may be dispensed

Front 10

List four sources of drugs used in veterinary medicine

Back 10

animal products, plant products, minerals, and synthetic products

Front 11

what are four components of a drug regimen

Back 11

includes the dose, the route of administration, the frequency of administration, and the duration of administration

Front 12

discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient relationship can be shown to exist.

Back 12

1. the vet must assume responsibility for making clinical judgements in relation to the health of the animal. 2. the vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with its care and 3. the vet must be available for follow up care of the animal.

Front 13

discuss the responsibilities of a veterinary technician in the administration of drug orders.

Back 13

carry out orders correctly, read the drug label 3x to ensure that the proper drug is being adminstered and take care to administer the correct dose by the correct route. be aware of posibble side effects and monitor patient in a responsible way.

Front 14

Describe the sequense of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion.

Back 14

a drug is first absorbed or directly placed into the bloodstream. In the blood, the drug may bind with a plasma protein or exist in the free state. The circulating blood distributes the drug to the capillary level, where the drug leaves the circulation and enters the interstitial fluid. The interstitial fluid bathes the cell or bind with surface receptors. The drug then exits the cell or its surface, moves back to interstitial fluid, reenters circulation and then is metabolized in the liver and sent to the kidneys for excretion.

Front 15

List 11 possible routes for administering a drug and discuss the advatages and/or disadvantages of each.

Back 15

1. oral route
2. SQ
3.IM
4. IV
5. IP
6. IA, intraarterial
7. IC, intracardiac
8. IM, intramedullary
9. Inhalation
10. topical
11. intradermal

Front 16

List some of the factors that influence drug absorption

Back 16

1. method of absorbtion, 2. the ph of the durg and its ionization status, 3. the absorptive surface area, 4. the blood supply to the area, 5. the solubility of the drug, 6. the dosage form, 7. the status of the gi tract 8 interactions with other drugs

Front 17

Most biotransformation of drugs occurs in where?

Back 17

liver

Front 18

Must durg excretion occurs via?

Back 18

kidneys

Front 19

Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular

Back 19

receptors

Front 20

The drug name that is chosen by the manufacturer and that is the exclusive property of that company is called

Back 20

proprietary/trade

Front 21

What are six items that must be on a drug label?

Back 21

1.drug names
2.drug concentration
3.name and address of the manufacturerer
4.controlled substance status
5.manufacturer's control or lot number
6. expiration date

Front 22

What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval and use of animal health products?

Back 22

FDA, EPA and USDA

Front 23

Why do many veterinary clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they use?

Back 23

profit

Front 24

Describe the marketing of animal health products

Back 24

veterinary pharmaceuticals may be purchased directly from the manufacturer, from distributors, or from generic mail order companies. In some instances drugs may be sold under one label to gradute veterinarians and under another as an over the counter product

Front 25

All FDA approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication titled

Back 25

The Green Book

Front 26

What is the purpose of FARAD?

Back 26

provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug residues in animals

Front 27

Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal under prescribed circumstances by what act of Congress?

Back 27

AMDUCA Animal medicinal drug use clarification act

Front 28

Define compounding

Back 28

Compounding refers tot he diluting or combining of existing drugs

Front 29

What are the potential danges of residues in animal products

Back 29

Drug residues in animal products may cause allergic reations or neoplasia in people and they may cause the development of antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria

Front 30

List three class of drug interactions.

Back 30

pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and pharmaceutic

Front 31

Drug interaction can be anticipated when giving two drugs both metabilized by the?

Back 31

Liver

Front 32

Define ethical product

Back 32

one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the manufacturer rather than by the FDA requirement

Front 33

Once a drug has been biotransformed it is called a:

Back 33

metabolite

Front 34

Pharmacodynamics

Back 34

the action or effect on one drug is altered by another (antagonistic, additive, and synergistic)

Front 35

pharmacokinetic

Back 35

plasma or tissue levels of the durg are altered by the presense of another (drug interaction)

Front 36

pharmaceutic

Back 36

physical or chemical reactions take place as a result of mixing drugs in a syringe or other container.

Front 37

bioavailability

Back 37

the degree to which a drug is absorbed and reaches the general circulation