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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three parts of the central nervous system?
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brain
spinal cord multiple neurotransmitters |
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What does the blood brain barrier do?
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Restricts the entry of some drugs and large particles to the brain.
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What are some exceptions that do cross the blood brain barrier?
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lipid soluble drugs
Drugs with specific transport systems |
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What are some examples of things that cross the blood brain barrier?
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water
alcohol oxygen carbon dioxide glucose gases |
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What type of things that restricted entry into the blood brain barrier?
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protein bound drugs
highly ionized drugs |
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What does the restrictions and exceptions about the blood brain barrier implicate to the nurse?
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If there is a problem in the brain, we need to use a drug that will cross the barrier.
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What are three adaptations of the CNS to prolonged drug exposure?
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Increased theraputic effects
Decreased side effects Tolerance and Physical dependence |
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What are drugs for epilepsy called?
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Antieleptic drugs
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What is going on in the brain of an epileptic patient?
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The neurons of the CNS have excessive excitability.
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What is the difference between a seizure and a convulsion?
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A seizure is general type of epileptic event and convulsions are a physical manifest of seizures.
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What are the two types of seizures?
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partial(focal) seizures
generalized seizures |
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How many people are effected by seizures?
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2.3 million
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What are the mechanisms of action of antieplieptic drugs?
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They suppress the discharge of neurons from the focal area and the propagation of seizures from the focal area to other areas.
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What does the suppression of sodium influx do?
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Prolongs channel inactivation
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What does the suppression of calcium influx do?
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blocks calcium transport
decreases electrical generation |
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What does potentiation of GABA do?
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It decreases excitability
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What is one of the goals of drugs for epilepsy?
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To reduce seizures and promote near to normal life for patient.
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How do the maximize treatment but decrease side effects?
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Increase dosage gradually until seizures are controlled or adverse effects become unacceptable.
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Is treatment for epilepsy short term or long term? Is this an acute or chronic condition?
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Treatment is usually long term. Epilepsy is a chronic condition.
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What are two examples of Hydantoins?
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Dilantin, Cerebyx
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What do the hydantoins do?
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inhibit sodium channels to suppress action potential and stabilize cell membrane excitability
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Are hydantoins selective?
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Yes. They are only affective against hyperactive neurons
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What are hydantoins indicated for?
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Partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures
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What is the theraputic index for hydantoins?
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10-20 micrograms
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What is unique about the half life of hydantoins?
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The half life increases with dosage.
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What are some of the side effects of hydantoins on the brain?
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sedation
drowsiness dizziness lowered attention span blurred vision |
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What do nurses need to know about hydantoins on the heart?
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Cardiac dysrhythmias are known with IV route
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What is a key side effect of hydantoins?
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gingival hyperplasia
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What percent of hydantoin patients experience gingival hperplasia?
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20
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What are some contraindications for hydantoin users?
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oral contraceptives
warfarin steroids diazepam alcohol pregnancy |
