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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Behavioural meds can aid in . . .
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separation anxiety, age related senility, compulsive disorders, fears
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Where do behavioural meds work in the body?
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Neurotransmitters in the brain.
GABA, Acetylcholine, norepi, dopamine, seratonin |
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2 Antipsychotic drugs (phenothyazine tranquelizers)
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Acepromazine
Chlorpramazine |
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Anxiolytic Drugs
(benzodiazapine) |
Diazepam, Alprazolam, Lorazapam
Binds with GABA Use Valium in cats, not generic |
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Antiolytic Drugs (benzos) are used to treat
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Fear
Agression Separation Anxiety Urine marking/spraying Compulsive Disorders Appetite Stimulants |
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Valium
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Seperation Anxiety in dogs
Urine Marking in cats Feline Psychogenic alopecia (causes ataxia for the first couple days) |
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Buspirone
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Non-Benzo Anti-Anxiety
Buspar Fewer side effects than others Blocks seratonin receptors, but has mixed agonist / antagonist action at dopamine |
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buspirone side effects
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increased affection
the cat who was getting beat up may become the bully |
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Buspirone Uses
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Anxiety ant thunderstorm phobia in dogs, spraying/ over grooming in cats
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Tricyclic Antidepressants
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Work by preventing the reuptake of norepi
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Tricyclic Antidepressants
(name) |
Amitriptyline
Clomipramine |
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
(side effect) |
Lower seizure threshold
Anorexia Nausea increased liver enzymes Dry Mouth Lethragy Depression |
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
(contraindications) |
Not for use in pts taking MAOI
Caution in Patients with decreased GI motility, urinary retention, glaucoma, cardiac arythhmias, hyperthroid |
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Clomipramine
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
Used primarily in dogs for OCD, Male dominance aggression, noise phobia, separation anxiety, fear aggression |
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Amitriptyline
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Most commonly used for separation anxiety in dogs. Also can be used for puritis and chronic pain of neuropathic origin.
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Andidepressants - SSRI
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Selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor
Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine |
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SSRI - uses
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Aggressions, OCD, Anxiety, Inappropriate elimination
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SSRI - side effects
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GI effects, Insomnia, hyperactivity, panting, anorexia, lethargy. A nice dog may become aggressive.
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Andidepressants - SSRI
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Selective seratonin reuptake inhibitor
Fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine |
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SSRI - uses
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Aggressions, OCD, Anxiety, Inappropriate elimination
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Antidepressants MAOI
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Selegiline (Anapryl) Increase the effect of dopamine by blocking its reuptake |
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SSRI - side effects
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GI effects, Insomnia, hyperactivity, panting, anorexia, lethargy. A nice dog may become aggressive.
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MAOI uses
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Cushings
Old Dog Senility |
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Antidepressants MAOI
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Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Selegiline (Anapryl) Increase the effect of dopamine by blocking its reuptake |
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MAOI uses
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Cushings
Old Dog Senility |
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Symptoms of Old Dog senility
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Disorientation
change in sleep cycles decreased grooming disassociation from family |
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MAOI Side Effects
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Vomiting
Diarrhea Restlessness Lethargy Salivation Anorexia Diminished hearing |
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MAOI contraindications
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Do not use with Tricyclic antidepressants
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Synthetic Progestins
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Megestrol Acetate
medroxyprogesterone these drugs inhibit pituitary secretions of LH and FSH, affecting hormone levels |
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Megestrol Aceate
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Ovaban
used for urine marking in cats, intraspecies agression and anxiety |
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Medroxyprogesterone
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Dpeo-Provera
Male-Male agression in dogs Feline psychogenic alopecia |
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Inhaled Anesthetics Method of Action
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Enhance GABA activity
Dissolve into cell membrane so that it can not conduct impulese |
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General affects of inhaled anesthetics
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Depression of the CNS
Muscle relaxation slight analgesia Respiratory depression Cardiac Depression Cardiac Arrythmias Hypotension |
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Inhaled anesthetics - contraindications
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Pts with increased CSF pressure or head trauma
Pts prone to malignant hyperthermia (pigs, mexican hairless, humans) |
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Inhalants adverse effects
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hypotension from vasodilation can decrease renal blood flow
Nausea, vomiting, GI Stasis |
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Concentration Gradient
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when chemicals move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
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Distribution of inhaled anesthetics in the body
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airway --- alveoli ----bloodstream ---- brain, kidneys, heart
once gas it turned off it is now HIGH in the bloodstream and low in the alveoli so it will cross the barrier to the alveoli and be exhaled. As the gas leaves the blood the gas in the brain begins to cross over into the bloodstream out of the brain and the patient begins to wake up. |
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3 physical properties of inhaled anesthetics
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MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)
Vapor Pressure Soluability coefficient |
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Vapor pressure
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how quickly a liquid turns into a gas. HIGH vapor pressure evaporates easily. Vapor Pressures are given at room temperature (temps of 20-22 degrees)
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Guaifenesin
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Induction in Horses
Relaxes skeletal muscle, except for diaphragm Decreases BP Causes excitement free induction and recovery Powder, must be reconstituted - 5% solution |
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Tiletamine
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Telazol
100mg/ml store 4 days at room temp and 14 days in fridge |
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NMDA
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N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
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% Metabolized by liver of Iso, Sevo, Halo
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Isoflurane = very little
Sevoflurane = 3% Halothane = 12% |
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What % vapor pressure is fatal?
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30%
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Solubility Coefficient
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An agents susceptibility to being dissolved/absorbed into something such as blood or tissue.
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Low Blood:Gas solubility means. . .
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fast induction and fast recovery and rapid patient response when when the vaporizer setting is changed.
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MAC
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Minimum Alveolar Concentration
The lowest concentration of anesthetic that produces no response in 50% of patients exposed to a painful stimuli low MAC = more potent |
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Isoflurane
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Low Solubility Coefficient
High Vapor Pressure MAC= 1.5-2.5% Has fewest adverse effects on the heart Good to use on animals with liver or kidney problems, pediatric and geriatric animals |
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Sevoflurane
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MAC 2.5-4%
LOW solubility faster induction & recovery than iso Hypotension is the most common adverse effect. 3% excreted through liver Sevo can react with Barlyme and produce Compound A |
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Compound A
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Chemical produced when sevo interacts with baralyme
Causes kidney damage Periodically flush the system with oxygen |
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Desflurane
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"one breath induction"
MAC 6% Pungent Expensive |
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Nitrous Oxide
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Blue Tank
No vaporizer MUST be given with Oxygen in a 2:1 Ratio Not Flamable, but Combustable Less oxygen goes to patient when using Nitrous Used to speed up induction with another agent Will cross into areas containing large amounts of gas Contraindicated in patients with GDV, Intestinal obstruction pneumothorax. |
