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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 theurapeutic goals of repro drugs?
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* Enhance/manipulate normal cycling or pregnancy
* Prevent normal cycling; prevent or terminate pregnancy * Treat infertility |
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Hormone(s) released from the
hypothalamus? |
GnRH
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Hormone(s) released from the
pituitary? |
* FSH
* LH * Oxytocin * Prolactin |
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Hormone(s) released from the
uterus/placenta? |
* PGF2alpha
* hCG (LH-like) * eCG/PMSG (FSH-like, some LH) |
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Hormone(s) released from the
Ovary/Uterus/Testicles? |
* Progesterone – helps regulate estrus cycle; hormone of pregnancy
* Estrogen: helps regulate estrous cycle; responsible for ovulation * Testosterone: spermatogenesis |
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What does FSH do in females? males?
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• Females - follicle development
• Males – sperm maturation |
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What does LH do in females? males?
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• females – follicle development, stimulates CL to secrete progesterone
•males – stimulates androgen synthesis |
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What does prolactin do? Where is it released from?
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Released from pituitary gland and stimulates postpartum lactation
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Where is oxytocin produced and stored?
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produced in hypothalamus, stored in pituitary
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What does oxytocin do?
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uterine contraction and milk ejection
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Action of PGF2alpha
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* Helps regulate estrus cycle in ruminants
* Causes luteolysis and subsequent decreases in progesterone levels |
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Action of hCG
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Induce ovulation
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Action of eCG/PMSG
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Induce ovulation
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Hormone of pregnancy
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Progesterone
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Action of Progesterone
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Helps regulate estrus cycle; hormone of pregnancy
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Action of Estrogen
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Helps regulate estrous cycle; responsible for ovulation
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Action of Testosterone
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spermatogenesis
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What type of drug is Gonadorelin?
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GnRH
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What 2 things is Gonadorelin used for?
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* Induce ovulation
* Infertility therapy |
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What were the 4 gonadotropin drugs discussed in class?
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1. PG600
2. Prolactin 3. Metoclopramide 4. Domperidone |
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What is a gonadotropin?
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* Glycoprotein hormone
* Protein hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the pituitary gland |
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What 2 hormones make up PG600?
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hCG & eCG
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What 2 things is PG600 used for?
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* Induce ovulation
* Infertility therapy |
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Adverse effects of PG600
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There is a potential for antibody formation which will lead to inefficacy
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What are the theurapeutic uses of Prolactin?
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No theurapeutic uses
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What type of drug is Metoclopramide?
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A gonadotropin that is a prolactin enhancer and dopamine antagonist
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Can Metoclopramide be given orally?
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No
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Adverse effect of Metoclopramide
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tardive dyskinesia
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What type of drug is Domperidone?
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A gonadotropin that is a prolactin enhancer (dopamine antagonist)
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Can Domperidone be given orally?
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No oral admin; approved in gel form for fescue grass toxicity in mares
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Does Domperidone cross the BBB?
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Does not cross BBB so no CNS effects in horses
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Adverse effects of Domperidone
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* Premature lactation (& FPT)
* Undesirable prokinetic effect |
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What GnRH drug was discussed in class?
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Gonadorelin
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What oxytocic drug was discussed in class?
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Oxytocin
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What 3 things is oxytocin used for?
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* Induce parturition
* Induce milk letdown * Enhance uterine contractions |
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What is the adverse effect of repeated dosing of Oxytocin?
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Aggressive uterine contractions
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What were the 3 prostaglandins discussed in class?
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1. PGF2alpha
2. Dinoprost 3. Cloprostenol |
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What is PGF2alpha used for?
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To induce parturition in sows and goats
*** Will induce abortion in other species*** |
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What type of drug is Dinoprost?
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Prostaglandin (PGF2alpha analog)
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What is Dinoprost used for?
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* Used to synchronize estrus (not pigs)
* Stimulate luteolysis (abortion) or stimulate parturition (pig and goat) |
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Adverse Effect of Dinoprost
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Abortion and other smooth muscle contractions which can lead to diarrhea, sweating
**Pregnant women should not handle=miscarriage!! |
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What type of drug is Cloprostenol?
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Prostaglandin (PGF2alpha analog)
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What is Cloprostenol used for?
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* Used to synchronize estrus (not pigs)
* Stimulate luteolysis (abortion) or stimulate parturition (pig and goat) |
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Does Cloprostenol or Dinoprost have a longer half life?
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Cloprostenol has slightly longer half life than Dinoprost
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What were the two estrogen drugs discussed in class?
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1. Estradiol
2. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
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What estrogen based drug is illegal in food animals?
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Estradiol and DES
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Adverse effects of Estradiol
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* Bone marrow suppression which can lead to aplastic anemia & pyometria in dogs
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Why is DES prohibited in food animals?
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Because of increased risk of cervical cancer in humans
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When might DES be used in dogs?
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used for spay incontinence in dogs sometimes
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What were the 5 progestin drugs discussed in class?
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1. Progesterone - CIDR
2.Altregenost 3.Metengestrol acetate 4.Megestrol acetate 5.Syncro-Mate |
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What is Progesterone - CIDR used for?
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Used to prevent or synchronize estrus
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The vaginal insert of Progesterone - CIDR has been approved in what species?
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vaginal insert approved in sheep, goats and cattle
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What is Altregenost
used for? |
Used to prevent or synchronize estrus in mare and pig; approved in horses
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What adverse effect is seen when high doses of Altregenost is given?
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fetal abnormalities
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What is Metengestrol acetate
used for? |
* Used to prevent or synchronize estrus
* Feed additive often used for feedlot heifers |
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What is Megestrol acetate
used for? |
Used to prevent or synchronize estrus
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What 2 things make up Syncro-Mate?
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Progesterone + estrogen
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What is Syncro-Mate used for?
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Used to prevent or sync estrus
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Why is Syncro-Mate not available in the US?
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not available in US b/c contains estradiol
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What androgen drugs were discussed in class?
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1. Testosterone
2. Anabolic steroids: (Stenozolol, Boldenone, Trenbelone, Nandrolone) |
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What is testosterone used for?
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Regulates spermatogenesis
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Adverse effect of Testosterone
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Negative feedback on gonadorelins/gonadotropins
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Are anabolic steroids approved for use in animals?
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No
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Adverse effects of Anabolic steroids
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* Hepatotoxicity in cats
* Weight gain & Na+ retention * Undesirable androgenic effects |
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What type of drug is Finasteride?
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antiandrogen
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MOA of Finasteride?
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Inhibits conversion of testosterone to active form (5 alpha dihydrotestosterone)
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What is Finasteride commonly used for?
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used for benign prostatic hypertrophy in dogs
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Adverse effect of Finasteride?
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impotence
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