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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Therapeutic goal of diuretics
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increased excretion of sodium followed by water
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What type of drug is the diuretic Acetazolamide?
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
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What is Acetazolamide commonly used for?
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Mainly used for opthalmic purposes
Decrease production of aqueous humor, reduction of intraocular pressure |
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What is the MOA of Acetazolamide?
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* Inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase in Late Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct
* Decreases Carbonic acid, Less Na is absorbed, Causes Diuresis * Mild increase of K excretion |
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What are some adverse effects of Acetazolamide?
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Drowsiness, disorientation, hypersensitivity reactions, worsening of hepatic disease
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What are some contraindications associated with Acetazolamide?
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Patients with electrolyte disturbances, severe pulmonary disease
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Which drug is an osmotic diuretic?
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Mannitol
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What is the MOA of Mannitol?
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**Establishes osmotic gradient between plasma and tissue water
-Decreases: hematocrit, blood viscosity, plasma Na, plasma pH |
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Where does Mannitol have its greatest effect in the kidney?
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Freely filtered at glomerulus; remains and acts throughout tubule, greatest effect at loop of Henle
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What does Mannitol increase the secretion of?
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increased excretion of Na+, K+, Cl-, Mg2+, Cl-, HCO3-
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Which drug is a loop diuretic (inhibitors of Na-K-2Cl symport)?
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* furosemide
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What is the MOA of Furosemide?
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* Block Na transport via the Na-K-Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
* Inhibit reabsorption of 25% of filtered Na * Increased excretion of Na, Cl, K |
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What type of drugs inhibit diuretic response of furosemide?
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-NSAIDS
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What are some adverse side effects of furosemide?
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reduced blood pressure, diminished organ profusion, hypochloremic alkalosis, hypokalemia, ototoxicity,GI upset, bone marrow depression, hyperglycemia
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Which diuretic is a Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?
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Acetozolamide
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Where does Acetozolamide act in the kidney tubule?
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Prximal tubule
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Where does Mannitol act in the kidney tubule?
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Entire loop/nephron
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Where does Furosemide act in the kidney tubule?
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Loop of Henle-Thick ascending limb
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Where does Chlorothiazide and Hydrochlorothiazide
act in the kidney tubule? |
Distal convoluted tubule
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Where does Triamterene act in the kidney tubule?
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Late distal tubule and collecting duct
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Where does Amiloride act in the kidney tubule?
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Late distal tubule and collecting duct
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Where does Spironolactone act in the kidney tubule?
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Late distal tubule and collecting duct
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What are the 2 thiazide diuretics?
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Chlorothiazide and
Hydrochlorothiazide |
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What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics?
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Inhibits apical Na+ Cl- symporter
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What diuretics are inhibitors of renal epithelium sodium channels?
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* Triamterene
* Amiloride |
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What diuretic is an Aldosterone antagonist?
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Spironolactone
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What is the MOA of Triamterene?
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Inhibits Na+ channels
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What is the MOA of Spironolactone
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Blocks effect of aldosterone
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What is the MOA of Amiloride?
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Inhibits Na+ channels
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What is the MOA of furosemide?
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Blocks Na+K+2Cl- symporter
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