Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the mechanism of a direct cholinergic agonist?
|
Bind directly to a Nicotinic and/or Muscarinic rectorsep
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of a indirect cholinergic agonist?
|
They interact with acetylcholinesterase to increase concentration of Acetylcholine
(less specific so result in increased side effects) |
|
|
What are the cholinergic agonist discussed in class?
|
* Bethanechol
* Carbachol * Pilocaprine * Physostigmine * Neostigmine * Edrophonium * Pyridostigmine * Organophosphate |
|
|
What cholinergic agonist(s) are direct acting on Muscarinic receptors only?
|
* Bethanecol
* Pilocarpine |
|
|
What cholinergic agonist(s) are direct acting on Nicotinic receptors only?
|
None
|
|
|
What cholinergic agonist(s) are direct acting on both Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors only?
|
Carbachol
|
|
|
What cholinergic agonist(s) are indirect acting on both Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors only?
|
* Physostigmine
* Neostigmine * Edrophonium * Pyridostigmine * Organophosphates |
|
|
What are the general Muscarinic effector organ responses?
|
General inhibition of heart, vasodilation, excitation of GI tract (increase motility, secretions), bronchoconstriction, miosis, urination (contract detrussor mm., relax sphincter), contract uterus, erection, increase pancreatic secretions, SLUDD – salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, death
|
|
|
What are the general Nicotinic effector organ responses?
|
Ganglionic transmission, muscle twitching, tremors leading to muscle paralysis
|
|
|
What type of drug is Bethanechol?
|
Direct muscarinic Cholinergic Agonist
* Resistant to degradation of acetylcholinesterase |
|
|
What does Bethanechol do to esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter tone?
|
Increased esophageal peristalsis and lower esophageal sphincter tone
|
|
|
What does Bethanechol do to the peristalsis and tone of the stomach and intestines?
|
Increased peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines
|
|
|
What does Bethanechol do to gastric and pancreatic secretions?
|
Increased gastric and pancreatic secretions
|
|
|
What does Bethanechol do to the tone of detrusor muscle of the bladder and filling capacity of the bladder?
|
Increased tone of detrusor muscle of the bladder and decreased filling capacity
|
|
|
What type of drug is Carbachol?
|
A directing acting (muscarinic and nictonic) Cholinergic Agonist
* Impervious to cholinesterases |
|
|
What does Carachol do to heart rate and blood pressure?
|
Transient lowered heart rate and blood pressure
|
|
|
What does Carachol do to salivation?
|
Hypersalivation
|
|
|
What does Carachol do to the peristalsis and tone of the stomach and intestines?
|
Increased peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines
|
|
|
What does Carachol do to gastric and pancreatic secretions?
|
Increased gastric and pancreatic secretions
|
|
|
What does Carachol do to uterine muscles?
|
Contraction of Uterine muscle
|
|
|
What does Carachol do to the adrenal gland?
|
Cause adrenal gland to release epinephrine and norepinephrine
|
|
|
What type of drug is Pilocaprine?
|
Direct Muscarinic Cholinergic Agonist
|
|
|
What does Pilocaprine do to secretions from exocrine glands?
|
Increased secretions from exocrine glands
|
|
|
What does Pilocaprine do to pupils?
|
Miosis
|
|
|
What does Pilocaprine do to peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines?
|
Increased peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines
|
|
|
What type of drug is Physostigmine?
|
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist-Reversibly inhibits the destruction of acetylcholine by binding to acetylcholinesterase
***Crosses the blood brain barrier |
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to the pupils?
|
Miosis
|
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to intra-ocular pressure?
|
Decreased intra-ocular pressure
|
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to bronchioles?
|
Bronchiole constriction
|
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to salivation?
|
Hypersalivation
|
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to muscles?
|
Muscle weakness
|
|
|
What does Physostigmine do to peristalsis and tone of the stomach and intestines?
|
Increased peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines
|
|
|
What drug is used to combat Ivermectin and Anticholinergic toxicity?
|
Physostigmine
|
|
|
Physostigmine is a proactive agent for Narcolepsy in what species?
|
Proactive agent for Narcolepsy in Dogs and Horses
|
|
|
What type of drug is Neostigmine?
|
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist-
(Competes with Acetylcholine for acetylcholinesterase; causes accumulation of acetylcholine) |
|
|
What does Neostigmine do to tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature?
|
Increased tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature
|
|
|
What does Neostigmine do to salivary and sweat glands?
|
Stimulation of salivary and sweat glands
|
|
|
Does Neostigmine cause bronchodilation or bronchoconstriction?
|
Bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
What does Neostigmine do to peristalsis and tone of the stomach and intestines?
|
Increased peristalsis and tone of stomach and intestines
|
|
|
What does Neostigmine do to the ureter?
|
Ureter constriction
|
|
|
What does Neostigmine do to heart rate?
|
Bradycardia
|
|
|
What is Neostigmine used to treat?
|
Treats myasthenia gravis
|
|
|
What type of drug is Edrophonium?
|
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
(Short acting anticholinesterase agent; causes accumulation of acetylcholine) |
|
|
What does the use of Edrophonium do to tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature?
|
Increased tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature
|
|
|
What does the use of Edrophonium do to salivary and sweat glands?
|
Stimulation of salivary and sweat glands
|
|
|
Does Edrophonium cause bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation?
|
Bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
What does the use of Edrophonium do to ureter?
|
Ureter constriction
|
|
|
What does the use of Edrophonium do to the pupils?
|
Miosis
|
|
|
What does the use of Edrophonium do to heart rate?
|
Bradycardia
|
|
|
What is Edrophonium used for to diagnose?
|
Diagnostic for Myasthenia Gravis
|
|
|
What type of drug is Pyridostigmine?
|
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
(Long lasting anticholinesterase agent; causes accumulation of acetylcholine) |
|
|
What does the use of Pyridostigmine do to tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature?
|
Increased tone of intestinal and skeletal musculature
|
|
|
What does the use of Pyridostigmine do to salivary and sweat glands?
|
Stimulation of salivary and sweat glands
|
|
|
Does the use of Pyridostigmine cause bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation?
|
Bronchoconstriction
|
|
|
What does the use of Pyridostigmine do to the ureter?
|
Ureter constriction
|
|
|
What does the use of Pyridostigmine do to the pupils?
|
Miosis
|
|
|
What does the use of Pyridostigmine do to heart rate?
|
Bradycardia
|
|
|
What is Pyridostigmine used to treat?
|
Treats Myasthenia Gravis
|
|
|
What type of drug is Organophosphate?
|
Indirect Cholinergic Agonist
(Irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase) |
|
|
What are 3 common signs of use of an organophosphate?
|
Profuse salivation, vomiting, diarrhea
|
|
|
What does Organophosphate do to the GI tract?
|
Hypermotility of the GI tract
|
|
|
What does Organophosphate do to urination?
|
Causes urination
|
|
|
What does Organophosphate do to heart rate?
|
Bradycardia
|
|
|
What does Organophosphate do to blood pressure?
|
Hypotension
|
|
|
Does Organophosphate cause bronchoconstriction or bronchodilation?
|
Bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions
|
|
|
What does Organophosphate do to muscles?
|
Muscle paralysis
|
|
|
What can be seen at toxic dosages of Organophosphate?
|
SLUDD (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Death)
|
