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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the adrenergic agonists discussed in class?
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* Epinephrine
* Isoproterenol * Dopamine * Dobutamine * Phenylephrine * Phenylpropranolamine * Albuterol * Clenbuterol |
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What is the mechanism of adrenergic agonists?
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They act directly on alpha and beta receptors to induce action of endogenous neurotransmitter at receptor
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What is a non-selective adrenergic agonists?
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They act on ALL alpha and beta receptors
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What adrenergic agonist (s) are non-selective?
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* Epinephrine
* Phenylpropanolamine • |
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What adrenergic agonist (s) act on some alpha and beta recptors?
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* Dopamine (alpha 1, beta 1, dopamine receptor)
* Dobutamine (alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2 (beta 1 is primary effect!) |
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What adrenergic agonist (s) are alpha 1 selective?
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Phenylephrine
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What adrenergic agonist (s) are beta selective (1+2)?
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Isoproteronol
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What adrenergic agonist (s) are beta 2 selective?
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* Albuterol
* Clenbuterol (DO NOT USE IN FOOD ANIMAL – EVER!) |
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What are the general alpha/beta effector organ responses?
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* Heart excitation
* Decrease secretions * Relaxation of GI/gallbladder, * Inhibit mucus glands * Urine retention * Epi release > NE release |
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What are the general Alpha 1 effector organ responses?
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* Vasoconstriction
* Mydriasis * Scant viscous saliva * Contraction of uterus |
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What are the general Alpha 2 effector organ responses?
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* Vasodilation of blood vessels to endothelium
* Decrease kidney renin release * Decrease pancreatic islet cell secretions * Decrease NE release * Platelet aggregation |
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What are the general Beta 1 effector organ responses?
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* Increase HR/contractility
* Relax GI smooth muscle * Relax urinary fundus * Increase renin release * Lipolysis |
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What are the general Beta 2 effector organ responses?
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* Vasodilation to smooth muscle, brain, kidney, heart
* Bronchodilation * Relax splenic capsule * Glycogenolysis * Gluconeogenesis * Increased NE release |
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What type of drug is epinephrine?
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Non-selective Adrenergic Agonist
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What does epinephrine antagonize?
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Histamine
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What does epinephrine do to blood pressure?
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* Increases Systolic Blood Pressure
* Decreases diastolic pressure |
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What does epinephrine do to blood sugar?
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Increases blood sugar
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What does epinephrine do to heart rate and contractility?
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Increases heart rate and contractility
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What does epinephrine do to blood flow to the muscles, kidneys, and the gut?
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* Increased blood flow to muscles
* Decreased blood flow to kidneys, gut |
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What does epinephrine do to the spleen?
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Contraction of the spleen
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What does epinephrine do to the smooth muscle?
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Relaxes Smooth Muscle (eye, bronchi)
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What is epinephrine used for?
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* Allergic reactions
* Vasopressor effects * Local vasoconstriction in local anesthesia * Bronchodilator and cardiac effects |
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What are some adverse effects of epinephrine?
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* Restlessness
* Headache * Tremor * Palpitations * Cerebral hemorrhage * Cardiac arrhythmias |
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What type of drug is Isoproterenol?
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Beta Selective (1 and 2) Adrenergic Agonist
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What does Isoproterenol to heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output?
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Increased heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output
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What does Isoproterenol do to blood pressure?
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Lowered Diastolic pressure
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Does Isoproterenol cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
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Vasodilation
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What is Isoproterenol used for?
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* Treatment of asthma
* Bronchodilator and Cardiac function |
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What are some adverse effects of Isoproterenol?
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* Palpitations
* Tachycardia * Headache * Flushing |
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What are the general effects of Isoproterenol?
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* Increased HR
* Peripheral vasodilation * Bronchodilation |
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What type of drug is Dopamine?
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Adrenergic Agonist (alpha 1, beta 1)
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What are the general effects of Dopamine?
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* Vasodilation
* Increased BP and CO; (higher doses: Increased peripheral vascular resistance) |
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What is Dopamine used for?
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* Vasopressor effects
* Treatment of congestive heart failure |
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What is Dopamine a precursor to?
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Norepinephrine precursor
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Does Dopamine cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
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Vasodilation: Dilates Vascular beds (Renal, Coronary, Mesenteric, Intra-cerebral)
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What does Dopamine do to heart rate and contractility?
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Increase heart rate and contractility
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What does Dopamine do to blood pressure?
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Increase blood pressure
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What are the adverse effects of Dopamine?
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* Nausea
* Vomiting * Tachycardia * Arrhythmias * Headache * Hypertension * Peripheral vasoconstriction |
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What type of drug is Dobutamine?
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Primarily a Beta 1 Adrenergic Agonist
( Also works on alpha 1, beta 1, beta 2 (beta 1 is primary effect!) |
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What is Dobutamine commonly used for?
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Short term treatment of cardiac decompensation after heart sx.
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What are the general effects of Dobutamine?
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* Increases heart rate and contractility
* Vasodilation in skeletal muscle |
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What are the adverse effects of Dobutamine?
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* Hypertension
* Atrial fibrillation |
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What type of drug is
Phenylephrine? |
Post-synaptic alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonist
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What is Phenylephrine commonly used for?
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* Nasal decongestant
* Cardiac effects |
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What are the general effects of Phenylephrine?
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* Peripheral vasoconstriction
* Uterine contraction * Vasoconstriction * Increased BP * Decreased CO and HR |
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What are the adverse effects of Phenylephrine?
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* CNS stimulation
* Supine hypertension * Excessive rises in BP * Arrhythmias |
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What does Phenylephrine do to blood pressure?
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Increase blood pressure (vasoconstrictor)
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What does Phenylephrine do to heart rate?
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Lowered heart rate
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What type of drug is Phenylpropranolamine (PPA)?
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A non-selective adrenergic agonist
(Stimulates Alpha and Beta Receptors by releasing norepinephrine) |
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Does Phenylpropanolamine (PPA) cause vasoconstriction or vasodilation?
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Vasoconstriction?
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What does Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) do to heart rate and contractility?
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Increased heart rate and contractility
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What does Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) do to blood pressure?
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Increased blood pressure (vasoconstriction)
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What does Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) do to appetite?
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Decreased appetite
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What does Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) do to nasal congestion?
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Decreased nasal congestion
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What does Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) do to urethral sphincter tone?
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Increased urethral sphincter tone
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What are the general effects of Phenylpropranolamine (PPA)?
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* Increased vasoconstriction
* Increased heart rate and contractility * Increased blood pressure * Decreased appetite * Decreased nasal congestion * Increased urethral sphincter tone |
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What type of drug is Albuterol?
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Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
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What is Albuterol generally used for?
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* Relief of bronchospasm, * Bronchodilator and uterus effects
* Delay preterm labor |
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What are some adverse side effects of Albuterol?
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Tremor, tachycardia, anxiety
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What does Albuterol do to heart rate?
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Increased heart rate
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What does Albuterol do to bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscles?
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Relaxation of bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscles
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What adrenergic agoinist is illegal to use in food animals?
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Clenbuterol
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What type of drug is Clenbuterol?
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Beta 2 adrenergic agonist
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What does Clenbuterol do to bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscles?
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Relaxation of bronchial, uterine, and vascular smooth muscles
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What does Clenbuterol do to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages?
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Prevents release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages
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What does Clenbuterol do to clear mucus?
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Increases ciliary beat frequency to clear mucus
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What adrenergic agonist (s) cause bronchodilation?
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* Isoproterenol
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What adrenergic agonist (s) cause vasodilation?
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* Isoproterenol
* Dobutamine |
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What adrenergic agonist (s) cause vasoconstriction?
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* Epinephrine
* Dopamine * Phenylephrine * Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) |
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What adrenergic agonist (s) cause increased heart rate?
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* Epinephrine
* Dopamine * Phenylephrine * Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) |
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What adrenergic agonist (s) cause increased blood pressure?
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* Epinephrine
* Isoproterenol * Dopamine * Dobutamine * Phenylpropranolamine (PPA) * Albuterol * Clenbuterol |
