Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Manic-depression is also known as what
|
Bipolar disorder
|
|
|
|
What is the traditional drug of choice for treating manic-depression
|
Lithium
|
|
|
|
When is lithium used in the treatment of manic-depression (what phase of the disease)
|
Prevention and treatment of manic episodes
|
|
|
|
Does lithium have a narrow or wide therapeutic window
|
Narrow
|
|
|
|
Lithium is eliminated renally in a similar fashion to which other salt
|
Sodium
|
|
|
|
Is lithium toxicity exacerbated by low or high sodium plasma levels
|
Low sodium levels
|
|
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of lithium
|
Unknown; may decrease cAMP levels thereby decreasing its function as a second messenger; may inhibit dephosphorylation of IP3 to IP2 and IP2 to IP thereby interfering with the recycling of inositol
|
None
|
|
|
What are the adverse effects of lithium
|
Acne
Seizures Visual disturbances Edema Ataxia Drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Hypothyroidism Tremors |
None
|
|
|
How does lithium cause drug-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
|
Uncoupling of the vasopressin V2 receptor in the kidney
|
|
|
|
Which diuretic is usually used to treat nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
|
Thiazide diuretics
|
|
|
|
Which drug is used to treat lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
|
Amiloride (thiazide diuretics cause increased reabsorption of lithium which may lead to lithium toxicity)
|
None
|
|
|
How does lithium cause hypothyroidism
|
Inhibition of 5’-deiodinase
|
|
|
|
What is 5’-deiodinase responsible for
|
Converting thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3)
|
|
|
|
What is the name of the cardiac anomaly that may be found in neonates born to mothers using lithium
|
Ebstein anomaly
|
|
|
|
What characterizes Ebstein anomaly
|
Malformation of the tricuspid valve leaflets (partly attached to the fibrous tricuspid valve annulus; partly attached to the right ventricular endocardium; inferior displacement of the tricuspid leaflets)
|
None
|
|
|
What other medications (mood stabilizers) may be used in the treatment of manic-depression
|
Carbamazepine
Valproic acid Benzodiazepines Gabapentin Topiramate |
None
|
|
|
Why are antidepressant agents not used to treat the depression phase of manic-depression
|
May cause patients to enter into the manic phase
|
|
