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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matching Choose the best answer from the list below.
Modulates the sodium channel via stabilization of the inactivation gate. A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbital C.Ethosuximide D.Felbamate E.Lamotrigine |
A.Phenytoin
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Matching Choose the best answer from the list below.
Thought to inhibit the glutamate excitatory transmitter system A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbital C.Ethosuximide D.Felbamate E.Lamotrigine |
D.Felbamate
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Matching Choose the best answer from the list below.
Thought to stimulate a site on the calcium channel to inhibit the movement of calcium through that channel A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbital C.Ethosuximide D.Felbamate E.Lamotrigine |
C.Ethosuximide
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Matching Choose the best answer from the list below.
Thought to work at an allosteric site on the postsynaptic GABA system to increase the influx of Chloride ions. A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbital C.Ethosuximide D.Felbamate E.Lamotrigine |
B.Phenobarbital
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Matching Choose the best answer from the list below.
Appears to cause relatively less drowsiness than other antiepileptic drugs A.Phenytoin B.Phenobarbital C.Ethosuximide D.Felbamate E.Lamotrigine |
E.Lamotrigine
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Some antiepileptic drugs work to alter ion transport in nerve tissue. The most likely target for the drug, phenytoin, is which of the following:
a. An allosteric site next to the calcium release site b. The inactivation gate in the channel itself c. The refractory period site on the neuron d. The activation gate in the channel itself |
b. The inactivation gate in the channel itself
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Which of the following is not a site in the GABA system where some antiepileptic drugs are likely to act:
a. Modulation of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) which would increase the amount of GABA available for release from the neuron b. Inhibition of GABA’s metabolism via inhibition of GABA transaminase c. Allosteric receptor sites where certain drugs bind to enhance the action of GABA at its own receptor sites d. At the GABA reuptake site where the drug would enhance the uptake of GABA back into the presynaptic neuron. |
d. At the GABA reuptake site where the drug would enhance the uptake of GABA back into the presynaptic neuron.
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When an antiepileptic benzodiazepine binds to its receptor in the GABA system, it does which of the following:
a. Prevents the reuptake of GABA into the presynaptic neuron b. Causes the chloride gate to open more frequently to allow more chloride ion into the neuron thus decreasing nerve activity c. Increases the action of glutamic acid decarboxylase d. Causes the chloride gate to stay open longer thus allowing more chloride ion to pass into the neuron and decreasing nerve activity |
b. Causes the chloride gate to open more frequently to allow more chloride ion into the neuron thus decreasing nerve activity
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Which of the following appears to be a key factor in the development of a seizure focus within the glutaminergic system:
a. A build up of sodium that feeds back onto the presynaptic neuron thus causing a greater release of GABA b. A build up of nitric oxide which feeds back onto the presynaptic neuron to increase the release of glutamate c. Increase release of cGMP from the neuron to interact with the postsynaptic neuron d. A decrease in calcium which causes the release of cGMP from the presynaptic neuron |
b. A build up of nitric oxide which feeds back onto the presynaptic neuron to increase the release of glutamate
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Which of the following is not a consideration in the selection of an antiepileptic drug:
a. The extent of adverse reactions normally associated with a drug b. The type of seizure the patient has had diagnosed c. Level of adrenal function d. Frequency of administration of the drug |
c. Level of adrenal function
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Which of the following antiepileptic drugs can be used on an outpatient basis for patients with multiple and frequent seizures and is administered rectally:
a. Phenytoin b. Gabapentin c. Fospheytoin d. Diastat |
d. Diastat
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Which of the following does not have an effect on ion channels?
a. Felbamate b. Phenytoin c. Carbamazepine d. Ethosuximide e. All of the above |
a. Felbamate
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Which of the following does not enhance GABA actions?
a.Gabapentin b.Topiramate c.Carbamazepine d.Phenobarbital e.All of the above |
c.Carbamazepine
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Which of the following is the proposed “target” of drugs such as Phenytoin?
a. The activation gate of the calcium channel b. The inactivation gate of the calcium channel c. The uptake carrier for the affected neurotransmitter d. The inactivation gate of the sodium channel e. None of the above |
d. The inactivation gate of the sodium channel
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Which of the following antiepileptic drugs acts at least partially at the “T” calcium channel?
a. Phenytoin b. Phenobarbital c. Felbamate d. Ethosuximide e. All of the above |
d. Ethosuximide
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Which of the following is/are thought to act by blocking the reuptake of GABA?
a. Phenytoin b. Carbamazepine c. Tiagabine d. Gabapentin e. All of the above |
c. Tiagabine
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Which of the following antiepileptics, does not interact with oral contraceptives?
a. Phenytoin b. Carbamazepine c. Tiagabine d. Felbamate e. All of the above |
c. Tiagabine
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Which of the following is thought to have a pathological defect that may underlie a neuronal seizure focus:
a) The second messenger calcium b) The inactivation gate in the sodium channel c) The activation gate in the potassium channel d) The activation gate in the sodium channel |
b) The inactivation gate in the sodium channel
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Which of the following central nervous system sites is not thought to play a role as a possible site for antiepileptic therapy?
a) Alpha receptors b) GABA receptors c) Calcium channels d) Glutamate receptors |
a) Alpha receptors
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Which of the following is true concerning the action of benzodiazepines on the allosteric receptors on the GABA A receptor?
a) It releases more GABA from the presynaptic neuron b) It decreases the uptake of GABA from the synaptic cleft c) It increases the frequency of the opening of the chloride channel d) It increases the length of time the chloride channel stays open |
c) It increases the frequency of the opening of the chloride channel
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Which of the following is true concerning the action of Tiagabine on the GABA neuronal system?
a) It releases more GABA from the presynaptic neuron b) It decreases the uptake of GABA from the synaptic cleft c) It increases the frequency of the opening of the chloride channel d) It increases the length of time the chloride channel stays open |
b) It decreases the uptake of GABA from the synaptic cleft
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Which of the following is true for the suspected action of Topiramate in its action as an antiepileptic?
a) It enhances GABA activity b) It inhibits an excitatory neurotransmitter (e.g. glutamate) c) It modulates ionic channels d) All of the above are true |
d) All of the above are true
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Which of the following is (are) true when considering antiepileptic drugs and their interactions with the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) system:
a) They can be inhibitors b) They can be inducers c) They can be substrates d) All of the above are true |
d) All of the above are true
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According to the Consensus Paper, which of the following is considered the drug of choice for first mono-therapy for idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) with Tonic-Clonic seizures in women in reproductive years, pregnant or breast feeding?
a. Valproate b. Lamotrigine c. Gabapentin d. Levetriacetam e. None of the above |
b. Lamotrigine
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According to the Consensus Paper, which of the following is considered the drug of choice for first mono-therapy for symptomatic localization-related epilepsy (SLRE) for a male patient who is also clinically depressed?
a. Valproate b. Gabapentin c. Lamotrigine d. Carbamazepine e. None of the above |
d. Carbamazepine
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Which of the following would be a reason for monitoring serum antiepileptic drug levels for those drugs for which such monitoring is appropriate?
1. Therapy is failing 2. Non-compliance is suspected 3. Side effects are a problem 4. The patient is going on vacation A = 1,2,3 B = 1,3 C = 2,4 D = 4 only E = all of the above F = None of the above |
A = 1,2,3
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Which of the following does not appear to have significant activity at the sodium channel in the central nervous system structures possibly associated with epileptic activity?
a. Carbamazepine b. Phenytoin c. Felbamate d. Lamotrigine |
c. Felbamate
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Which of the following does not have its site of action in the GABA system?
a. Vigabatrin b. Clonazepam c. Phenytoin d. Phenobarbital |
c. Phenytoin
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Which of the following sites within the central nervous system has nitric oxide associated as a possible contributor to an epileptic focus?
a. Calcium Channels b. GABA receptors c. Glutamate neurons d. Sodium Channels |
c. Glutamate neurons
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Which of the following is the age range in which the largest percentage of patients experiences their first seizure?
a) 0-9 years of age b) 10-19 years of age c) 20-29 years of age d) 30-39 years of age e) None of the above |
a) 0-9 years of age
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Which of the following is the drug (from the consensus paper and given in lecture slides) of first choice for the initial monotherapy treatment of an idiopathic generalized epilepsy where the patient is female and pregnant?
a) Valproate b) Carbamazepine c) Lamotrigine d) Gabapentin e) None of the above |
c) Lamotrigine
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Which of the following is not considered a positive factor for the possibility of eventually discontinuing antiepileptic drug therapy?
a) Few tonic-clonic seizures prior to the start of AED therapy. b) Mental retardation c) Multiple years that are seizure-free while on AED therapy, d) Normal or mildly abnormal EEG e) None of the above |
b) Mental retardation
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Antiepileptic drugs which have as a possible site of action the sodium channel, act at that site by which one of the following mechanisms?
a) Increase the inward flow of chloride ions into the post-synaptic nerve cell b) Increase the inward flow of sodium ions into the post synaptic nerve cell c) Reinforce the activation gate in the channel thereby decreasing the inward flow of sodium d) Reinforcing the inactivation gate in the channel thereby decreasing the inward flow of sodium. e) None of the above |
d) Reinforcing the inactivation gate in the channel thereby decreasing the inward flow of sodium.
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Which of the following is not a mechanism by which the GABA system is altered by an antiepileptic drug?
a) Inhibition of the metabolism of GABA by GABA-transaminase b) Inhibition of the reuptake of GABA via interference with the uptake carrier mechanism c) Binding to the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor site d) Binding allosterically to a binding site on the GABA post-synaptic neuron and enhancing the activity of GABA. |
c) Binding to the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor site
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Which of the following antiepileptic drugs is least likely to produce significant sedative-like side effects?
a) Phenobarbital b) Carbamazepine c) Phenytoin d) Lamotrigine e) None of the above are correct |
d) Lamotrigine
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