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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what do leaves of the foxglove plant form?
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digitalis
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what 2 drugs have been developed from the madigascar periwinkle and what are they used for?
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vinblastine and vincristine
used to treat certain types of leukemia |
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what is the only anti-cancer drug that will not cause myelosuppression?
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vincristine
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what does taxol form?
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an anti-cancer drug
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what is the problem with taxol?
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for every 1/5 gram of drug formed you need 30lb of bark
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what herb is an extract from the green leaves of a tree native to Asia?
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ginkdo biloba
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what has maximum potency with gingko biloba?
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whole leaf extracts
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what are 4 effects of gingko biloba?
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anti-inflammatory
antioxidant radical scavenging inhibition of platelet aggregation |
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what is the theory behind ginkgo biloba use?
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during aging there is decreased circulation to all body parts and ginkgo will increase circulation and therefore function everywhere
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what are 4 indicators of gingko biloba?
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alzeihmers
vascular dimentia peripheral claudication tinnitus |
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what is gingko biloba contraindicated with?
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bleeding disorders and concurrent use to anti-platelet agents
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when should you discontinue gingko biloba use?
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5 days prior to surgery (even a dental extract)
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what is saw palmetto used for?
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benign prostate hyperplasia
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if saw palmetto has the same efficacy as other drugs, why use it?
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better tolerated and less expensive
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what drug is found in the fruit of the american dwarf palm tree?
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saw palmetto
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what does saw palmetto inhibit in order to work? (3)
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5 alpha-reductase
dihydrotestostrone binidng at androgen receptors prostaglandin synthesis |
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what does saw palmetto antagonize?
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alpha-1 receptors
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what is the major problem with saw palmetto? (2)
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it may lead men to not see their doctor about BPH which could really be cancer
and it creates a false negative for PSA so the patient may actually have cancer and the saw palmetto covers it up |
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what is black cohosh used for?
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alleviation of menopausal symptoms
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what are 2 main contraindications of black cohosh?
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breast cancer because of hepatotoxicity risk
GI distress |
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what are the 2 biologically active components of st johns wort?
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hyperforin and hypercin
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what is st johns wort used for? (3)
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mild to moderate depression
anxiety or sleep disorders topical application for minor burns or inflammation |
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what is the MOA of st johns wort? (2)
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weak inhibition of MAOs
inhibition of serotonin, norepi, and dopamine reuptake |
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what is the major drawback of saint johns wort?
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induction of cP-450 which increases the activities of most drugs
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what is st johns wort contraindicated with?
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SSRIs - creates serotonin syndrome in which the pt will present with clumsiness
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what is the MOA of echinachea?
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inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
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what supplement may have allergic/anaphylaxis reactions?
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echincachea
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what supplement can create dry mouth, constipation, and GERD?
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echinachea
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what supplpement can exacerbate autoimmune disorders?
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echinachea
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what supplement can inhibit CYP-450?
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echinachea
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what 4 things does gingseng activate?
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monocytes
TNF IL-2 interferon gamma |
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what is the main use of gingseng?
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improvement of vitality, immunity, cognitive function, and libido
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what supplement creates insomnia, diarrhea, vaginal bleeding, and schizophrenia?
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gingseng
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what supplement inhibits platelet aggregation?
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gingseng
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what supplement prolongs the QT interval?
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ginseng
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what supplement has hypoglycemic effects?
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ginseng
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what supplement reduces the effectiveness of immunosuppressants?
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gingseng
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what properties does kava have? (2)
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anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial
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what is the MOA of kava?
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potentiation fo GABA mediated inhibitory neurotransmitters and subsequent reduction in excitation
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how many active ingredients does kava have and what are they called?
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5
kava lactones |
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what supplement has serious hepatotoxicity?
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kava
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what supplement can exacerbate parkinsons?
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kava
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what supplement can create serious psoriasis?
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kava
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what supplement interacts with alcohol and other CNS depressants
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kava
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what is the use of noni juice?
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inhibition of superoxide radical formation
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what is the major drawback of noni juice?
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limited information on adverse effects and interactions
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what is the MOA of glucosamine?(4)
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selective uptake by cartilage
inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines inhibition of prostaglandin E inhibition of phagocytosis and lysozyme release |
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what are 4 uses of garlic supplementation?
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inhibition of cholesterol synthesis
reduction of blood pressure inhibition of platelet aggregation antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal properties |
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what supplement potentiates oral anticoagulant activity?
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garlic
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what supplement reduces saquinavir bioavailability?
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garlic
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what supplement can crease nausea and GI irriation?
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garlic
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what 3 drugs will increase the effects of warfarin?
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garlic
ginseng ginkgo biloba |
