Pharmacology

Front 1

Which phase of the nursing process requires the nurse to establish a comprehensive baseline of data concerning a particular patient?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation

Back 1

Assessment

Front 2

The nurse monitors the fulfillment of goals, and may revise them, during which phase of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation

Back 2

Evaluation

Front 3

The nurse prepares and administers prescribed medication during which phase of the nursing process?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation

Back 3

Implementation

Front 4

When developing a plan of care, which nursing action ensures the goal statement is patient-centered?
a. Considering family input
b. Involving the patient
c. Developing the goal first, and then sharing it with the patient
d. Including the physician

Back 4

Involving the patient

Front 5

The nurse includes which information as part of a complete medication history?
a. use of "street" drugs
b. Current laboratory work
c. History of surgeries
d. Family history

Back 5

Use of "street" drugs

Front 6

During which phase of the nursing process does the nurse prioritize the nursing diagnosis?
a. Assessment
b. Planning
c. Implementation
d. Evaluation

Back 6

Planning

Front 7

The nurse is administering a medication and the order reads: Give 250 mcg PO now. The tablets in the medication dispensing cabinet are in milligram strength. What is the right dose of the drug in milligrams?

Back 7

0.25 mg

Front 8

Place the steps of the nursing process in order, with (1) being the first step and (5) being the last step.
a. Implementation
b. Planning
c. Evaluation
d. Assessment
e. Formulation of nursing diagnosis

Back 8

Assessment
Formulation of nursing diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Evaluation

Front 9

Identify the "Six Rights" of drug administration.

Back 9

Right Drug
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Route
Right Patient
Right Documentation

Front 10

Data is collected during which phase of the nursing process?

Back 10

Assessment

Front 11

What two ways is data classified?

Back 11

Objective
Subjective

Front 12

The planning phase includes identification of what two things?

Back 12

goals
outcome criteria

Front 13

Which nursing phase consists of initiation and completion of the nursing care plan.

Back 13

Implementation

Front 14

What phase of the nursing process is ongoing and includes monitoring the patients response to medication and determining the status of goals?

Back 14

Evaluation

Front 15

List the following drug forms in order of speed of dissolution and absorption, with (1) being the fastest and (4) being the slowest:
a. capsules
b. Enteric-coated tablets
c. Elixirs
d. Powders

Back 15

Elixirs
Powders
Capsules
Enteric-coated tablets

Front 16

When considering the various routes of drug elimination, the nurse is aware that elimination occurs mainly by which routes?
a. renal tubules and skin
b. skin and lungs
c. bowel and renal tubules
d. lungs and gastrointestinal tract

Back 16

bowel & renal tubules

Front 17

The nurse is aware that excessive drug dosages, poor circulation, impaired metabolism, or inadequate excretion may result in which drug effect?
a. tolerance
b. cumulative effect
c. incompatability
d. antagonistic effect

Back 17

cumulative effect

Front 18

Drug 1/2 life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to:
a. be absorbed by the body
b. reach a therapeutic level
c. exert a response
d. be removed by the body

Back 18

be removed by the body

Front 19

The nurse recognizes that drugs given by which route will be altered by the first-pass effect?
a. oral
b. sublingual
c. subcutaneous
d. intervenous

Back 19

oral

Front 20

If a drug binds with an enzyme and thereby prevents the enzyme from binding to its normal target cell, it will produce which effect?
a. receptor interaction
b. enzyme affinity
c. enzyme interation
d. nonspecific interaction

Back 20

enzyme interaction

Front 21

A drug has a half-life of 4 hours. If at 0800 the drug level is measured as 200 mg/L, at what time would the drug level be 50 mg/L?

Back 21

1600

Front 22

This type of data includes information available through the senses, such as what is seen, felt,heard and smelled.

Back 22

Objective data

Front 23

This type of data includes all spoken informtion shared by the patient, such as complaints, problems, or sated needs.

Back 23

Subjective data

Front 24

Which part of the nursing process includes establishment of goals and outcome criteria?

Back 24

planning process

Front 25

Which part of the nursing process includes patient education?

Back 25

implementation process

Front 26

Objective and subjective data are collected during what phase of the nursing process?

Back 26

Assessment

Front 27

Once assessment of the patient and the drug has been completed, the specific prescription or medication order from any prescriber must be checked for the following six (6) elements....

Back 27

1. patient's name
2. date the drug order was written
3. name of drug(s)
4. drug dosage, amount & frequency
5. route of administration
6. presriber's signature

Front 28

What are the 6 rights of medication administration?

Back 28

1. right drug
2. right dose
3. right time
4. right route
5, right patient
6. right documentation

Front 29

When documenting in a patient's chart/file, is it ok to abbreviate?

Back 29

No

Front 30

Any preventable even that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is inthe control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer is called?

Back 30

medication error

Front 31

Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism can broadly be defined as:

Back 31

a drug

Front 32

The study of science of drugs is known as

Back 32

Pharmacology

Front 33

What is colecular structure or chemical composition know as?

Back 33

the chemical name

Front 34

This name is given by the adopted name council and becomes the official name -

Back 34

Generic name

Front 35

This is the proprietaey name or registered trademark?

Back 35

Trade name

Front 36

The study of what the body does to the drug is known as?

Back 36

Pharmacokinetics
(kinetics - meaning movement)

Front 37

The rate at which the drug leaves the site of administration and the extent to which it occurs?

Back 37

Absorption

Front 38

Biologic transformation of a drug into an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, or a more potent metabolite is known as -

Back 38

metabolism

Front 39

Elimination of a drug from the body is called -

Back 39

excretion

Front 40

Name the 3 routes by which drugs can be absorbed and adminstered.

Back 40

enteral
parenteral
topical

Front 41

This route of drug administration is absorbed into circulation from the stomach or small intestine.

Back 41

enteral

Front 42

Drugs administered by this route do not pass thru the GI tract

Back 42

Parenteral

Front 43

These types of drugs are administered by applying to the body surface -

Back 43

topical

Front 44

The study of what drugs do to the body is known as -

Back 44

Pharmacodynamics

Front 45

What are the three mechanisms of action involved in pharmacodynamics?

Back 45

receptor interaction
enzyme interaction
non-specific interaction

Front 46

Substances that catalyze nearly every biochemical reaction in a cell are known as -

Back 46

enzymes

Front 47

Drugs with non-specific mechanisms of action that DO NOT interact with receptors or enzymes are known as -

Back 47

non-selective interactions

Front 48

List some factors that impact the effectiveness of drug therapy -

Back 48

dose
route
health status of patient
gender
nutritional / fluid balance
genetic

Front 49

List dosage forms that use the Enteral route -

Back 49

tablets, capsules, elixers, syrups, lozenges sublingual or buccal tablets

Front 50

List dosage forms that use the Parenteral route -

Back 50

IV fluids

Front 51

List dosage forms that use the Topical route -

Back 51

inhaler, creams, patches

Front 52

Includes the study of how various dosage forms influence the way in which the body metabolizes a drug and the way in which the drug affects the body is known as -

Back 52

Pharmaceutics

Front 53

This is the study of what the drug does to the body -

Back 53

Pharmacodynamics

Front 54

The treatment of pathologic conditions through the use of drugs and focuses on the clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases is known as -

Back 54

Pharmacotherapeutics

Front 55

This reactive site is on the surface or inside of a cell -

Back 55

receptor

Front 56

These substances catalyze nearly every biochemical reaction in a cell -

Back 56

enzymes

Front 57

Drugs with non-specific mechanisms of action that DO NOT interact with receptors or enzymes are known as -

Back 57

non-selective interactions

Front 58

This type of therapy often involves more intensive drug treatments and is implemented in the acutely ill, those with rapid onset of illness, or the critically ill.

Back 58

Acute therapy

Front 59

This therapy is often needed to sustain life or treat disease

Back 59

acute therapy

Front 60

administration of vasopressors to maintain blood pressure, cardiac output for open heart surgery, volume expanders in a patient who is in shock, and intensive chemotherapy for a patinet with newly diagnosed cancer are examples of what type of therapy needed -

Back 60

acutre therapy

Front 61

This type of therapy typically does not eradicate problems, but it does prevent progression of a disease or condition -

Back 61

Maintenance therapy

Front 62

This therapy is often used to treat chronic illness suck as hypertention or oral contraception -

Back 62

Maintenance therapy

Front 63

This type of therapy supplies the body with a substance needed to maintain normal function either because the body cannot make it or it is produced in insufficient supply -

Back 63

Supplemental therapy

Front 64

Examples of supplemental therapies would include -

Back 64

insulin - diabetic patients
iron - iron deficiency anemia

Front 65

To make a patient as comfortable as possible (is typically used in the end stages of an illenss when all attempts at cureable therapy have been exhausted) is known as what type of therapy -

Back 65

Palliative therapy

Front 66

Examples of Palliative therapies would include -

Back 66

high dose opioid analgesics - final stage of cancer
oxygen 0 end stage pulmonary disease

Front 67

To maintain high integrity of body funtions while patient is recovering from illness or trauma is known as what type of therapy -

Back 67

Supportive therapy

Front 68

Examples of Supportive therapy would include -

Back 68

provision of fluids / electrolytes to prevent dehydration in a patient with flu who is vomiting and has diarrhea
Administration of volum expanders or blood products to a patient who has lost blood during sugery

Front 69

Therapy provided to prevent illness or other outcomes during planned events is known as -

Back 69

Prophylactic therapy

Front 70

Examples of Prophylactic therapy would include -

Back 70

pre-operative antibiotic therapy for surgical prcedures

Front 71

When a paitent is given an antibiotic that is associated with a particular infection before the results of the culture is available is known as -

Back 71

Empiric therapy

Front 72

The study of natural vs. synthetic drug sources (the study of drug sources or orgins) is known as -

Back 72

Pharacognosy

Front 73

List the 4 sources of drugs and an example of each

Back 73

plants - foxglove (cardkiac glycosides
animals - horses (hormones)
laboratory synthesis - recombinat DMA (many drugs)
minerals - aluminum hydroxide (antacids)

Front 74

Required drug manufacturers to list ont he drug prodct label the presence of dangerous and possible addicting substances; recognized the US Pharmacopeia and National Formulary as printed references standards for drugs -

Back 74

Federal Food & Drugs Act (FFDA 1906)

Front 75

Prohibited fraudulent claims for drug products -

Back 75

Sherley Amendment (1912) to FFDA

Front 76

Established the legal term narcotic and regulated the manufacture and sale of habit forming drugs -

Back 76

Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)

Front 77

Required drug manufactureres to provide data proving drug safety with FDA review; established the investigational new drug application process (prompted by the sulfanilamide elixir tragedy)

Back 77

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)

Front 78

Established legend drugs or prescription drugs; drug labels must carry the legend "caution - Federal law prohibits despensing without a prescription -

Back 78

Durham-Humphrey Amendment (1951)

Front 79

Required manufacturers to demonstrate both therapeutic efficacy and safety of new drugs (prompted by the thalidomide tragedy)

Back 79

Kefauver-Harris Admendments (1962)

Front 80

Established "schedules" for controlled substances, promoted drug addiction education, research and treatment -

Back 80

Controlled Substance Act (1970)

Front 81

Enabled the FDA to promote research and marketing of orphan drugs used to treat rare diseases -

Back 81

Orphan Drug Act (1983)

Front 82

Enabled faster approval by the FDA of drugs to treat life threatening illnesses (promted by HIV/AIDS epidemic)

Back 82

Accelerated Drug Review Regulations (1991)

Front 83

More commonly known by its acronym, HIPPA, officially required health-related organizations as well as all schools to maintain privacy of protected health information.

Back 83

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996)

Front 84

More commonly known as Medicare Part D; provides seniors and disabled persons with an insurance benefit program for prescription drugs; the cost of medications is shared by patient and the federal government -

Back 84

Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act (2003)