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53 Cards in this Set
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Loratidine (Claritin)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
Anti-histamine
block action of histamine..released in an allergic reaction and responsible for many allergy symptoms. Antihistamines also have anti-cholinergic effects, which dry secretions. |
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Budesonide (Rhinocort)
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intra-nasal glucocorticoid
reduces swelling of nasal mucosa by their anti-inflammatory action. These may take 2-3 weeks before results are seen. |
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Pseudophedrine (Sudafed)
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nasal decongestant
may be given as nose sprays or pills. Chronic use of nasal sprays may result in worsening of symptoms; therefore use should be limited to 3-5 days. Decongestants may be combined with anti-histamines for better symptom relief. |
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Dextromethorphan (Benylin)
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non-opioid anti-tussive
medication used to suppress dry coughing spells. These may be obtained OTC or by prescription. Prescription anti-tussives may contain opiates such as codeine or hydrocodone. |
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Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
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expectorant
Expectorants or mucolytics loosen lung secretions, allowing for cough to be productive. |
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Guaifenesin with codeine (Robitussin AC)
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expectorant with codeine
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Proventil
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bega agonist - the drug of choice for an acute exacerbation of asthma or COPD; dilate bronchioles by stimulating the SNS. Tolerance can develope with chronic use. Relaxes musclews so airway can open up.
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Spiriva
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Anticholinergic - 2nd most common medication used for an exacerbation; dilates bronchioles, but by blocking parasympathetic (broncoconstrictor) effects. Usually given as an inhaler.
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Azmacort
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Glucocorticoid - decrease inflammation and mucous production, and also sensitive bronchiole muscle to be more receptive to the beta agonists. Used for prevention of exacerbation; they are of no benefit during an acute flare up.
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Singulair
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Leukotriene modifier - blocks action of leukotrienes, chemical mediators that trigger the inflammatory response. Given orally to prevent flare ups...inhibit mast cells.
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Intal
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mast cell stabilizer - blocks histamine release, disrupting the inflammatory response. Taken by inhalation for prevention of exacerbation; not for acute flare ups.
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Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Prednisone (Deltasone) Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) |
glucocorticoid - may be given for acute exacerbations of asthma or COPD, initially IV, then pill, then tapered off to inhaler. Used in TX of large number of other diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, chronic neurologic and kidney disorders, autoimmune disorders such as arthritis, and some severe lung and skin disorders.
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Furosemide (Lasix)
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) |
Diuretics...common anti-hypertensive medication..decrease fluid volume in the body by increasing urine output
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Amlodipine (Norvasc)
Verapamil (Calan) Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
Vasodilators: Calcium channel blockers...Anti-hypertensive agent...dilates arteries.
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Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Captopril (Capoten) Losartan (Sozaar) |
Vasodilators: ACEI and ARBs
Anti-hypertensive agent dilates arteries |
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Metoprolol (Toprol)
Atenolol (Tenormin) |
Beta blockers...anti-hypertensive agent
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Doxazosin (Cardura)
Clonidine (Catapres) |
Alpha blockers...vasodilators...anti-hypertensive agent...dilates arteries
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Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Amiodarone (Pacerone) Metoprolol (Lopressor) Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
Anti-Dysrhythmics
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Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Simvistatin (Zocor) |
Statins...to lower cholesterol levels. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors...work in the liver to reduce synthesis of cholesterol.
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Aspirin (ASA)
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) Naproxen (Naprosyn) Tramadol (Ultram) |
NSAIDs...non-prescription or prescription analgesics with anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
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Adjuvant analgesics
mild sedatives, tranquilizers to reduce anxiety and tension, provide rest |
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Amytriptylline (Elavil)
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Antidepressant; adjuvant analgesics
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Gabapentin (Neurontin)
Pregabalin (Lyrica) |
Adjuvant analgesics
Anti-convulsants for relief of neuropathic pain such as from shingles or diabetic neuropathy |
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Morphine (MS Contin, Roxanol)
Hydromophone (Dilaudid) Oxycodone & Acetaminophen (Percocet) Oxycodone (Oxycontin) Propoxyphene (Darvon) |
Opioid; drug of choice for moderate to severe pain uncontrolled by other analgesics; produce a feeling of euphoria. may lead to opioid dependence, tolerance, or addiction
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Heparin
Warfarin (Coumadin) Enoxaparin (Lovenox) |
Anticoagulant...block the clotting cascade
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Aspirin
Clopidrogel (Plavix) Cilostazol (Pletal) |
Anticoagulant...anti-platelet agent
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Amoxicillin (Amoxil)-penicillins
Cephalexin (Keflex)-cephalosporing Doxycycline (Viramycin)-tetracycline Azithromycin (Zithromax)-Macrolide |
Antibiotics...medications to treat infections caused by bacteria...have a broad spectrum of coverage or narrow spectrum. Their mechanism of action may be bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
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Gentamycin (Garamycin)-aminoglycoside
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) fluoroquinilone Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxozole (Bactrim) sulfonamine Nitrofurantoin(Macrodantin)miscell. |
Antibiotics-treat infections caused by bacteria. may have a broad spectrum of coverage or narrow spectrum. Their mechanism of action may be bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic
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Flexeril (Cyclobenzprine)
Lioresal (Baclofen) Valium (Diazepam) |
anti-spasmodics...less stimulation to the muscle causing it to relax..may be prescribed alone or in combination with analgesics
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Lorazepam (Ativan)
Alprazolam (Xanax) Temazepam (Restoril) |
Benzodiazepines...drugs of choice for anxiety disorders and insomnia because of a better safety profile than the barbituates...have many other uses, such as control of seizure activity and alcohol withdrawal.
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Phenobarbitol (Luminol)
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Barbiturate...CNS depressant
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Zolpidem (Ambien)
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CNS depressant...sleep agent
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Larodopa (Levodopa)
Requip (Ropinirole) Parlodel (Bromocriptine) |
Dopaminergics...stimulates increased synthesis of dopamine or by slowing the breakdown of the dopamine that is produced so that it lasts longer. (Anti-Parkinsons)
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Cogentin (Benzotropine)
Artane (Trihexphenidyl) |
Anticholinergics...block the effects of ACh, a chemical stimulating muscle contraction. Less acetylcholine makes movement less spastic (stiff)
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Aricept (Donepezil)
Cognex (Tacrine) |
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors...drug of choice for treating AD; stimulate the parasympathetic system...prevent the breakdown of ACh, resulting in higher levels of this chemical in the brain, improving brain coordination of speaking, thinking and moving activities.
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Nitroglycerine (Nitro-Dur)
Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur) |
Nitrates work by relaxing arteries, dilating vessel to increase oxygen flow to the heart...also dilate veins, causing less blood to return to the heart...workload decreased.
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Isoniazide (INH)
Rifampin (Ripadin) |
Anti-tuberculosis drug...treatment requires use of multiple antibiotics for an extended period of time 6-12 months, possibly 24)
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Acyclovir (Zovirax) - for herpes virus
Amantadine (Symmetrel) - for flu Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) - for flu Lamivudine (Epivir) for HIV, Hepatitis Nelfinavir (Viracept) for HIV |
Anti-viral drugs disrupt the viral replication inside the cell. May be taken for acute episode only or may be needed daily for life in treatment of chronic disease such as HIV or Hepatitis
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Glucophage (Metformin) - biguanide
Glyburide (Diabeta) - sulfonylurea Nateglinide (Starlix) - meglitinide Pioglitizone (Actos) TZD |
Oral Hypoglycemics
Sulfonylureas & Meglitinides stimulate beta cells to increase insulin output Biguanides & Thiazolidinediones decrease gluconeogenesis by liver |
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Raloxifene (Evista)
Alendronate (Fosamax) |
Biphosphonates: suppress bone breakdown, may take up to 3 months to see results
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Epogen
Procrit * * * * * * Vitamin B12, Folic Acid, Ferrous sulfate |
Erythropoietins...increases RBC formation
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Pepcid (Famotidine)
Zantac (Ranitidine) |
Histamine receptor antagonists (H2RA)
decrease volume and acidity of gastric secretions released by parietal cells. |
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Prilosec (Omeprozole)
Protonix (Pantoprozole) Nexium (Esmoprozole) |
Proton Pump Inhibitors reduce acid secretion by blocking the enzyme that stimulates acid release...are meant to be given for a short time.
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Maalox
Mylanta Tums |
Antacids - alkalis which rapidly neutralize stomach acid. Excess use may cause electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea, or constipation.
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Psyllium (Metamucil)-bulk forming
Docusate (Colace) stool softener Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) inc. peristalsis Magnesium Hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) quickly treats constipation Senna: herbal: inc. peristalsis |
Drugs for elimination...may be obtained OTC or prescription;p they may be designed to treat or to only prevent constipation
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Ioperamide (Immodium) opiate which descreases peristalsis
Bismuth Salts (Pepto Bismol) binds and absorbs causative toxin Diphenoxylate w/Atropin (Lomotil) slows peristalsis |
Anti-diarrheal agents
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Prochlorperazine (Compazine)
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Phenothiazine..largest class of meds used for nausea...decrease stimulation to the vomiting center in the medulla
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Odansetron (Zofran)
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SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) potent anti-emetic commonly prescribed for nausea due to chemotherapy or anesthesia...blocks serotonin receptors in the vomiting center.
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Metaclopromide (Reglan)
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Pro-kinetic agent
increases peristalsis Anti-emetic |
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Meclizine (Antivert)
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Anti-cholinergic
Anti-emetic blocks receptors in the vestibular nuclei of the ear |
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Spironolactone (Aldactone)
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Diuretic
blocks the hormone aldosterone, thus permitting sodium excretion. its benefit over loop diuretics is that it does not cause concurrent excretion of potassium. |
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Tamsulosin (Flomax)
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Anti-Prostatics
relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate, bladder neck, and urethra |
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Finasteride (Proscar)
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Anti-prostatics
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors block the enzyme that stimulates prostate growth |
